Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of energy on Earth?
Which human activities contribute to global warming?
What is an example of a natural resource?
What is the main consequence of pollution?
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What is a major cause of animal endangerment?
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What can be done to reduce the number of endangered species?
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What is the main consequence of destroying habitats and global warming?
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What are the basic characteristics shared by all living things?
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What is the first stage of a plant's life cycle?
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What is the main function of chloroplasts in plants?
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What is unique about the liver?
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What is the main characteristic that distinguishes vertebrates from invertebrates?
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What is the term for the process of an animal's growth and changes over the course of its life?
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What is the main function of the circulatory system?
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What is the primary cause of lung cancer?
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What is the function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
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What is the term for the act of breathing out?
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What is the primary function of the diaphragm?
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What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
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What is the normal heart rate for a person at rest?
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What is the function of white blood cells in the circulatory system?
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What is the process called when liquid blood becomes a solid clot to stop bleeding?
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What is the shape of red blood cells?
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What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
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What is the function of B cells in the immune system?
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Study Notes
Energy on Earth
- Energy on Earth begins with the sun
- Producers (plants) harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis to provide glucose, a sugar source of food and energy for other animals
- Energy is transferred along the food chain, a series of organisms, each of which depends on the living thing before it for food
Global Warming
- Global warming is a process that causes the Earth to become hotter
- Human activities such as driving cars, using fossil fuels, working in factories, and agriculture cause an increase in gases that keep the Earth warm
- These gases lead to an increase in the Earth's temperature
Natural Resources
- Natural resources are raw materials taken from nature to make things we need
- Examples of natural resources include air, water, plants, animals, minerals, and fossil fuels
- We can't make natural resources, but we can use them wisely to avoid running out
Pollution
- Pollution comes in many forms and always brings harm to the environment
- Land, water, and air get exposed to pollution, causing harm to people, animals, and plants
- Making environmentally conscious choices can help make the earth a cleaner, healthier place to live
Endangered Species
- Endangered species are at risk of becoming extinct due to habitat destruction, global warming, and poaching
- Taking care of the environment can reduce the number of species on the endangered species list and increase biodiversity
Characteristics of Living Things
- All living things are made of cells and grow
- They need food and eliminate waste
- They reproduce
- They exchange gases, specifically in the process of respiration, which is breathing to get gases like oxygen into the body and gases like carbon dioxide out of the body
Animal Life Cycle
- All animals go through a life cycle, the stages a living thing goes through from birth to death
- The life cycle begins from either an egg or live birth and goes through the young stage, reproductive stage, and finally death
Plant Life Cycle
- A life cycle is a series of stages a living thing goes through as it grows and changes over the course of its life
- Plant life cycles start from a seed, which germinates and grows into a seedling, then becomes a fully mature adult plant, and finally produces seeds to begin a new cycle
External Structures in Animals
- All animals have external structures, which are outside parts of the body
- Examples of external structures include the head, body coverings, tails, and limbs
Internal Structures in Organisms
- Organisms have internal structures that are important to their survival
- Internal structures include the heart, stomach, lungs, brain, xylem, phloem, chloroplasts, and more
- These structures help organisms grow, reproduce, and survive
Classification of Animals
- Scientists classify all animals as vertebrates or invertebrates
- Vertebrates have a backbone, endoskeleton, and systems and are divided into five main groups: mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles
- Invertebrates do not have a backbone and include arthropods, mollusks, and other animals
Body Systems
- Our body systems, including the nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and musculoskeletal systems, work together to keep us healthy and allow us to do things
- Each system contains organs and other parts that work together to perform specific functions
Respiratory System
- The respiratory system is the set of organs that help us breathe
- It brings oxygen into the body during inhalation and removes carbon dioxide during exhalation
- The respiratory system also allows us to make sounds, like singing, laughing, and whispering
Lung Cancer
- Lung cancer is a disease that causes tumors to grow in the lungs
- It can be caused by smoking, exposure to certain substances, or genetics
- Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery
Liver
- The liver is an organ that sits under the rib cage on the right side of the body
- The liver has four main jobs: cleaning the blood, storing energy from glucose, making bile, and balancing cholesterol levels
- The liver is the only organ that can regenerate itself
Circulatory System
- The circulatory system is the system that moves oxygen, nutrients, and cell wastes around the body
- It's made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
- The heart pumps blood throughout the body, and blood vessels carry blood to and from the heart
Heart
- The heart is composed of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles
- The heart pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen to tissues and removing oxygen-poor blood
- Blood starts in the body, then goes to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, then to the lungs, then to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle
Arteries and Pulse
- Arteries are vessels that carry blood
- The pulse is the throbbing of arteries as blood moves through them
- You can use your pulse to measure your heart rate, which is the number of times your heart beats in one minute
Blood
- Blood is made of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- Plasma transports things throughout the body
- Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body
- White blood cells protect the body from germs
- Platelets are sticky little cells that work like bandages
Red Blood Cells
- Red blood cells are disk-shaped and give blood its red color
- They help move oxygen throughout the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body with the help of hemoglobin
Coagulation
- Coagulation is the process of liquid blood becoming a solid clot to stop bleeding
- Clots stop blood from leaking out of a broken blood vessel while a cut heals and are made of three substances found in blood: platelets, clotting factors, and blood cells
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Description
Learn about how energy is transferred from the sun to producers and along the food chain, and understand the process of global warming and its effects on the Earth's temperature.