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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of energy?
What is the definition of energy?
- A form of kinetic motion.
- The ability to do work. (correct)
- The potential for objects to be still.
- The capacity to produce heat only.
What happens to potential energy as a wrecking ball falls?
What happens to potential energy as a wrecking ball falls?
- It stays constant throughout the fall.
- It converts entirely into thermal energy.
- It increases at the same rate as kinetic energy.
- It decreases as kinetic energy increases. (correct)
Which of the following best describes kinetic energy?
Which of the following best describes kinetic energy?
- Energy associated with an object in motion. (correct)
- Energy that cannot be transformed to another form.
- Energy stored in an object based on its position.
- Energy contained within chemical bonds.
How is potential energy related to work?
How is potential energy related to work?
Which of these energy forms will include the potential energy of a wrecking ball?
Which of these energy forms will include the potential energy of a wrecking ball?
Which statement about kinetic energy is correct?
Which statement about kinetic energy is correct?
What is a proper example of potential energy?
What is a proper example of potential energy?
What are the four main ways enzymes catalyze reactions?
What are the four main ways enzymes catalyze reactions?
What type of energy conversion occurs when a wrecking ball drops?
What type of energy conversion occurs when a wrecking ball drops?
Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?
Which of the following statements about enzymes is not true?
How can enzymes be regulated within a cell?
How can enzymes be regulated within a cell?
Which scenario represents a low entropy state?
Which scenario represents a low entropy state?
What does an allosteric inhibitor do to an enzyme?
What does an allosteric inhibitor do to an enzyme?
What type of enzyme inhibition involves an inhibitor binding to a site other than the active site?
What type of enzyme inhibition involves an inhibitor binding to a site other than the active site?
What is the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP primarily stored between?
What is the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP primarily stored between?
What is the primary mechanism by which cells regulate metabolic pathways?
What is the primary mechanism by which cells regulate metabolic pathways?
Which analogy best illustrates the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding?
Which analogy best illustrates the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding?
What does feedback inhibition typically involve?
What does feedback inhibition typically involve?
Which of the following accurately describes allosteric regulation?
Which of the following accurately describes allosteric regulation?
Which of the following is not an example of energy transformation?
Which of the following is not an example of energy transformation?
In the context of entropy, when comparing a brand new car to an old 1950s car, what state of entropy is represented?
In the context of entropy, when comparing a brand new car to an old 1950s car, what state of entropy is represented?
What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
What is the correct value for the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP?
What is the correct value for the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP?
What is the role of activation energy in metabolism?
What is the role of activation energy in metabolism?
What is the primary function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?
What is the primary function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?
What is an enzyme's active site?
What is an enzyme's active site?
Which statement about enzymes is true?
Which statement about enzymes is true?
What happens to the substrates during an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
What happens to the substrates during an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Enzymes do not alter which of the following aspects of a chemical reaction?
Enzymes do not alter which of the following aspects of a chemical reaction?
How do enzymes affect the transition state of a reaction?
How do enzymes affect the transition state of a reaction?
When two substrates react in the presence of an enzyme, what is most likely to occur?
When two substrates react in the presence of an enzyme, what is most likely to occur?
What are the primary components that make up enzymes?
What are the primary components that make up enzymes?
What type of process is DNA replication classified as?
What type of process is DNA replication classified as?
Which comparison between endergonic and exergonic reactions is accurate?
Which comparison between endergonic and exergonic reactions is accurate?
In the context of metabolism, glucose is primarily considered as what type of molecule compared to ATP?
In the context of metabolism, glucose is primarily considered as what type of molecule compared to ATP?
How is the energy associated with a swinging pendulum categorized at its maximum height?
How is the energy associated with a swinging pendulum categorized at its maximum height?
Which of the following statements regarding reaction rates between two chemical reactions is true?
Which of the following statements regarding reaction rates between two chemical reactions is true?
Which option describes the energy states of a pendulum at different points during its swing?
Which option describes the energy states of a pendulum at different points during its swing?
During which phase of DNA replication are complementary strands synthesized?
During which phase of DNA replication are complementary strands synthesized?
What incorrectly characterizes a catabolic reaction?
What incorrectly characterizes a catabolic reaction?
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Study Notes
Energy
- Energy is the ability to do work.
- There are many forms of energy including electrical, light, heat, kinetic, and potential.
Energy Types
- Kinetic Energy: Energy associated with objects in motion.
- Examples: A speeding bullet, rapid molecule movement in the air (heat), light.
- Potential Energy: Energy associated with the potential to do work.
- Example: A wrecking ball suspended in the air.
Free Energy
- Free Energy (G): Energy that is available to do work.
- Endergonic Reactions: Reactions that require free energy.
- Have a positive change in free energy (ΔG > 0).
- Exergonic Reactions: Reactions that release free energy.
- Have a negative change in free energy (ΔG < 0).
Activation Energy
- Activation Energy: The amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.
- Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions, but do not change the change in free energy (ΔG).
Enzymes
- Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
- Almost all enzymes are proteins.
- Enzymes work by binding to the reactant molecules (substrates) at their active site.
- This binding lowers the activation energy, making the reaction occur more readily.
- Enzymes do not change the change in free energy (ΔG).
- Enzyme Regulation:
- Temperature and pH: Enzymes have optimal temperature and pH ranges. Outside of these ranges, activity decreases.
- Location: Some enzymes are located in specific cellular compartments, limiting their activity.
- Inhibition:
- Competitive Inhibitors: Bind to the active site, blocking substrate binding.
- Noncompetitive Inhibitors: Bind to a site away from the active site, changing the shape of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate.
- Activation: Activators can bind to enzymes and enhance their activity.
Feedback Inhibition
- A common regulatory mechanism in metabolic pathways.
- Products of a metabolic pathway serve as inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the pathway.
- This is usually allosteric, meaning the inhibitor binds to a site away from the active site.
- The inhibitor often acts on the first committed enzyme of the pathway, slowing down the production of the product.
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