Energy and Energy Resources Quiz

Energy and Energy Resources

• Energy is the ability to cause change
• All objects contain energy, some more than others
• The Sun is a major energy resource
• Energy in plants and energy from the Sun are related
• Energy is the ability to cause change
• Examples of energy resources include cars, plants and the sun
• Energy can be transformed from one form to another.

Get Ready to Read

• A fast-moving baseball has more kinetic energy than a slow-moving one.
• A book sitting on a shelf has energy.
• Energy can change from one form to another.
• The total amount of energy decreases when something rises straight up
• Nuclear power plants release pollutants as they transform nuclear energy

Lesson 1: Forms of Energy

• Energy is the ability to cause change
• Kinetic energy - energy of motion
• Potential energy - stored energy
• Different forms of energy include: sound, thermal, and radiant
• Energy is related to work
• A camera that detects temperature can be used to measure radiant energy

Launch Lab

• Changes in matter can be observed, such as changes in temperature
• Energy is the ability to cause change
• Energy causes changes in motion and position of objects
• Examples of energy include fireworks exploding, plants growing, and hammers hitting nails

Kinetic Energy-Energy of Motion

• Kinetic energy depends on speed and mass
• Faster objects have more kinetic energy
• Objects with higher mass have more kinetic energy

Potential Energy-Stored Energy

• Energy can be stored, even if objects aren't moving.
• Stored energy is known as Potential energy
• Types of potential energy include gravitational potential, elastic potential, and chemical potential.

Gravitational Potential Energy

• Gravitational potential energy exists between an object and Earth
• This energy depends on weight and height
• Higher positions mean more potential energy

Elastic Potential Energy

• Elastic potential energy is stored in objects that are bent or stretched (like rubber bands)

Chemical Potential Energy

• Chemical energy is stored in the chemical bonds between atoms
• Stored in substances like foods, gasoline, and other substances

Energy and Work

• Energy is transferred when work is done
• Applying a force over distance is considered work
• Energy is transferred from doing work
• Objects with energy can do work

Lesson 1: Energy Review

• Energy is the ability to cause change
• There are different forms of energy
• Energy can be transferred in different ways
• Gravitational Potential Energy increases when you lift something
• Forces cause change, and applying a force over distance represents work

Lesson 2: Energy Transformations

• The Law of Conservation of Energy states energy is neither created nor destroyed, but transformed from one form to another
• Transformations involve conversions of energy between different forms

Friction and Energy

• Friction transforms mechanical energy to thermal energy
• Friction is a force that resists movement
• Surfaces rubbing against each other release thermal energy
• Lubircants reduced friction
• Lubricants can be used to reduce friction

Lesson 2 Review

• Energy transformations are possible due to the law of Energy conservation
• Applying brakes on a bicycle is an example of energy transformation from one form to another
• Types of energy include thermal, radiant, mechanical, and electric
• Energy resources can be transformed into other forms of energy

Lesson 3: Energy Resources

• Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they are replaced
• Renewable resources are replaced as fast as, or faster than, they are used
• The Sun is an inexhaustible energy resource
• Energy conservation involves using energy more efficiently

Fossil Fuels

• Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources
• Often burned to produce energy (e.g., coal, natural gas etc.)
• These resources are finite, and are used more quickly than they are produced, making conservation important
• These fuels formed from remains of ancient organisms over millions of years
• Coal, natural gas, and petroleum are forms of fossil fuels

Hydroelectric Power Plants

• Hydroelectric power plants transform potential energy of falling water into electric energy
• Dams create reservoirs allowing water to fall, converting stored potential energy into kinetic energy
• These plants use falling water to generate electricity without emitting pollutants into the air
• Dams can disrupt wildlife

Solar Energy

• Solar energy is radiant energy from the Sun
• Solar energy can be converted directly to electrical energy by solar cells
• Solar energy is an inexpensive renewable resource

Wind Energy

• Wind energy is another renewable energy resource
• Modern wind turbines convert wind energy into electric energy through the kinetic energy of spinning propellers or windmills
• These are practical in areas with higher average wind speeds
• Wind turbines produce no pollution

Biomass

• Biomass is matter that comes from plants and living organisms
• Biomass is a renewable energy resource
• Biomass fuels (e.g., wood, peat, manure) can be burned

Geothermal Energy

• Geothermal energy is heat from inside Earth
• These energy sources can be used for electricity production in areas where geothermal energy is available
• Geothermal energy produces steam that spins turbines to produce useful energy or electricity

MiniLab: Energy Resources

• Identifying how energy resources are used in power production
• Analyzing energy use and conservation in different ways
• Researching different types of resources and how they are used

Chapter 5 Review

• Energy is the ability to cause change and can take many forms
• Energy transformations can be observed in everyday situations like a book falling
• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
• Resources such as fossil fuels are nonrenewable
• There are advantages and disadvantages to using different types of energy