Enduring Issues Essay Flashcards

Enduring Issues Essay Structure

• The introduction should contextualize an enduring issue within different historical periods.
• Tips include repeating the enduring issue for emphasis and maintaining clarity in topic sentences.

Paragraph Guidelines

• Paragraphs 2 and 3 should connect documents to the enduring issue and include additional context.
• Paragraph 4 requires linking past issues to modern instances, showcasing the continued relevance of the issue.
• Paragraph 5 should summarize the enduring issues and emphasize their persistence or evolution.

Key Tips for Writing

• Utilize the main idea for clarity in topic sentences and conclusions.
• Use templates for consistency in structure for paragraphs focused on issues and their historical connections.

Historical Insights

Mesopotamian Society

• Fought over water resources; conflict led to urbanization with fortified city-states.
• Faced shortages in land, leading to collaboration for irrigation solutions.
• Vulnerable to invasions due to lack of natural defenses; developed trade systems for survival.

Ancient China

• Built the Great Wall to deter northern invasions under Emperor Qin.
• Utilized harsh governance resulting in conflict between Legalists and Confucianists.
• Significant achievements in technology including the invention of paper and acupuncture.

Ancient Greece

• Engaged in the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, showcasing the impact of alliances and geographical advantages.
• Limited farmland led to reliance on trade and maritime activities.
• Cultural influence spread through conquests, notably by Alexander the Great.

Ancient Rome

• Expansion led to conflicts like those with Carthage; internal strife with figures like Julius Caesar.
• Cultural diffusion significantly altered European landscapes through Roman conquests.

Ancient Egypt

• Limited farmland created challenges overcome by strong centralized power from the Pharaohs.
• Natural barriers provided security and fostered unique cultural development.
• Collaborated extensively in large-scale projects like pyramid construction.

Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages

• Hunter-gatherer lifestyles characterized by scarcity in food supply influenced early trade.
• Development of specialized skills emerged as communities began to cooperate.

Medieval Europe

• Schisms in the Christian church marked by conflicts like Iconoclasm and the rise of feudalism due to Viking raids.
• Power dynamics were influenced by gender perceptions surrounding leadership roles.
• Importance of location in Constantinople shaped both trade routes and political power.

Economic and Cultural Exchange

• The Silk Road fostered significant trade and cultural diffusion between East and West, impacting civilizations like China and Rome.
• Cultural bridges facilitated the exchange of religions and philosophies.

Cooperation in Societies

• Collective efforts in pyramid construction highlight the importance of collaboration in achieving monumental tasks.
• Large workforce reliance reflects societal interdependence in ancient civilizations.

The Crusades

• A series of military campaigns for Jerusalem that often ended in failure, shaping geopolitical relations in the region.
• Featured popular movements, such as the Children's Crusade, that embodied the religious fervor of the time but resulted in mixed outcomes.

Justinian I and his Reign

• Faced rebellion from the Blues and Greens; his decisive action reshaped Constantinople through significant public works and legal reforms.
• Created Justinian's Code to systematize laws and attempted to regain lost territories from the old Roman Empire.