Endospore-Forming Prokaryotes and Bacillus Anthracis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the three basic shapes of prokaryotes?

bacilli, cocci, and spirilla

What is the process by which prokaryotes reproduce?

binary fission

What is the purpose of an endospore?

to enclose the DNA and portion of cytoplasm during unfavorable conditions

What are some key differences between the cell walls and membranes of Archaea and Bacteria?

<p>Archaea lack pep­tidoglycan in their cell walls and their membranes contain different lipids than Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory on how viruses may have evolved?

<p>From the genetic material of living cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are prokaryotes?

<p>Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two distinct groups that biologists divide prokaryotes into?

<p>Bacteria and Archaea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is peptidoglycan and what is its function in bacteria?

<p>Peptidoglycan is a polymer of sugars and amino acids that surrounds the cell membrane of bacteria, protecting the cell from injury and determining its shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microbes in nature and how do they benefit the environment?

<p>Microbes help to recycle dead organic material and enrich the soil. They also live closely with plants and animals, and may even outnumber human cells in the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the arrival of Europeans in North and South America impact the native populations?

<p>The Europeans unwittingly brought infectious diseases, such as smallpox, cholera, and influenza, which the native peoples had no immunity to. These diseases devastated indigenous civilizations in just decades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of microbes in relation to the dominance of the planet?

<p>Microbes are found everywhere and actually dominate the planet. Most of the time, their actions are harmless or even helpful, but they can also cause harm when they find an ideal host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a retrovirus and how does it differ from a cold virus?

<p>A retrovirus like HIV makes a DNA copy of itself that inserts into the host's DNA, while a cold virus does not insert into the host's DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses cause disease?

<p>Viruses cause disease by directly destroying living cells or by affecting cellular processes in ways that upset homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of vaccines in preventing viral diseases?

<p>Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and destroy weakened or inactivated virus particles before they can cause disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why a new flu shot is needed every year?

<p>Viral evolution is one of the reasons a new flu shot is needed every year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of microscopic organisms responsible for diseases and how do they differ from each other?

<p>Some diseases are caused by viruses, while others are caused by bacteria that infect food and drinking water. Malaria is caused by a unicellular eukaryote carried by mosquitoes in tropical regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can understanding these microbes help us to control them and prevent new outbreaks of disease?

<p>Understanding the microbes responsible for diseases can help in developing effective ways to cure or prevent them, as well as in developing vaccines and other preventive measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses cause disease?

<p>Viruses replicate by invading host cells and using their machinery to produce more viruses, which can damage or destroy the host cells. This can lead to a variety of symptoms and diseases depending on the type of virus and the affected host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a virus and how was it discovered?

<p>A virus is a tiny infectious agent that replicates inside living cells. It was first discovered in 1892 by Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovski, who showed that the cause of tobacco mosaic disease was found in a liquid extracted from infected plants. Dutch scientist Martinus Beijerinck later named these particles viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did Stanley draw about viruses and why do biologists still recognize it as valid today?

<p>Stanley concluded that viruses were not truly alive because living organisms do not crystallize. Biologists still recognize this conclusion as valid today.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a virus and how does it differ from living cells?

<p>A virus is a nonliving particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids. It differs from living cells in terms of size, structure, and the fact that it can only reproduce by infecting living cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses enter host cells and what is the difference between lytic and lysogenic infections?

<p>Most viruses have proteins on their surfaces that bind to receptors on a cell, which trick the cell to take in the virus. Inside living cells, viruses use their genetic information to reproduce. Lytic infections immediately replicate, while lysogenic infections persist in an inactive state within the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the similarity between computer viruses and viruses that infect living cells?

<p>Computer viruses and viruses that infect living cells both enter a system and reproduce by making copies of themselves, and can even spread to other systems or cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic infection and how do they occur?

<p>A lytic infection involves a virus entering a bacterial cell, making copies of itself, and causing the cell to burst, while a lysogenic infection involves viral nucleic acid being inserted into the host cell's DNA, where it is replicated along with the host DNA without damaging the host. The virus then becomes active under certain environmental triggers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prophage?

<p>Bacteriophage DNA that becomes embedded in the bacterial host's DNA is called a prophage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of viruses contain RNA instead of DNA, and what are some of the infections caused by RNA viruses in humans?

<p>About 70 percent of viruses contain RNA instead of DNA. RNA viruses cause a wide range of infections in humans, including colds, influenza, AIDS, and certain types of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HIV and how does it cause AIDS?

<p>HIV is an RNA virus called human immunodeficiency virus that belongs to a group of RNA viruses called retroviruses. The genetic information of retroviruses is copied from RNA to DNA, and may become inserted into the DNA of the host cell. HIV attacks the immune system, weakening it over time and leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conjugation and how does it increase genetic diversity in populations of prokaryotes?

<p>Conjugation is a process where a hollow bridge forms between two bacterial cells and genetic material, usually in the form of a plasmid, moves from one cell to the other. This transfer of genes increases genetic diversity in populations of prokaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nitrogen fixation and how does it benefit plants?

<p>Nitrogen fixation is the process where nitrogen gas (N2) is converted into useful forms by prokaryotes. This process provides up to 90 percent of the nitrogen used by other organisms. Some plants have vital symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes, which convert nitrogen in the air into the nitrogen compounds essential for plant growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prokaryotes contribute to maintaining the ecological balance of the living world?

<p>Prokaryotes are essential in maintaining every aspect of the ecological balance of the living world. They act as decomposers, producers, and nitrogen fixers, providing raw materials for other organisms to survive and grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations contribute to the evolution of prokaryotes, especially in asexual reproduction?

<p>Mutations are one of the main ways prokaryotes evolve. In prokaryotes, mutations are inherited by daughter cells produced by binary fission. Since many prokaryotes reproduce asexually, mutations can accumulate and contribute to the evolution of the population over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of human uses of prokaryotes?

<p>Prokaryotes, especially bacteria, are used in the production of a wide variety of foods and other commercial products. For example, yogurt is produced by the bacterium Lactobacillus. Some bacteria can even digest petroleum and remove human-made waste products and poisons from water. Others are used to synthesize drugs and chemicals through the techniques of genetic engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the microbiome and where can it be found?

<p>The microbiome is a huge collection of prokaryotic genomes that rivals the human genome in size and complexity. Bacteria live on the skin, on the hair, inside the mouth and nose, and especially inside our digestive systems. In a typical human intestine there may be as many as 30 trillion bacteria belonging to 150 different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some ecological roles played by prokaryotes?

<p>Prokaryotes play many important roles in the environment. Cyanobacteria in the ocean provide oxygen to the atmosphere and food for ocean food chains. Rhizobium nodules on soybean roots convert atmospheric nitrogen into useful compounds. This great diversity of microorganisms helps us to digest food, synthesizes certain vitamins, and maintains a balance that is important to good health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria produce disease in humans?

<p>Bacteria produce disease in one of two general ways. Bacteria disrupt health and cause disease by destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals that upset homeostasis. Some bacteria destroy living cells and tissues of the infected organism directly, while some cause the immune system to overreact, causing it to attack the body's own tissues. Other bacteria release toxins (poisons) that interfere with the normal activity of the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of microbes in nature?

<p>They help to recycle dead organic material and live closely with plants and animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the arrival of Europeans in North and South America on the native populations?

<p>The native populations were exposed to infectious diseases to which they had no immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bacteria and the human body?

<p>The human body may be home to more bacterial cells than human cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by a unicellular eukaryote carried by mosquitoes in tropical regions?

<p>Malaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease that causes infected leaves to wither and die, killing the plants?

<p>Tobacco mosaic disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who named the disease-causing particles 'viruses' and what is the Latin word for 'poison'?

<p>Martinus Beijerinck, virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease that is caused by bacteria that infect food and drinking water?

<p>Cholera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way that prokaryotes evolve?

<p>Mutations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes?

<p>To convert nitrogen gas into useful forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacterial decomposers in industrial sewage treatment?

<p>To produce purified water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bacterium Rhizobium in legume plants?

<p>To convert nitrogen gas into useful forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which prokaryotes reproduce asexually, without exchanging or recombining genetic information?

<p>Binary Fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and a portion of the cytoplasm, which many prokaryotic cells form when growth conditions become unfavorable?

<p>Endospore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the slimelike material that some prokaryotes glide slowly along, which they secrete?

<p>Slime layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the group of Archaea that produce methane gas and live in environments with little or no oxygen, such as thick mud or the digestive tracts of animals?

<p>Methanogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about prokaryotes?

<p>Their DNA is located in the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is peptidoglycan and its function in bacteria?

<p>A polymer of sugars and amino acids that surrounds the cell membrane of bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Bacteria and Archaea?

<p>Bacteria and Archaea have different cell walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in bacteria?

<p>It protects the cell from damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which vaccines prevent viral diseases?

<p>Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and destroy the virus before it can cause disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a retrovirus and a cold virus?

<p>A retrovirus makes a DNA copy of itself that inserts into the host's DNA, while a cold virus does not insert into the host's DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way that cold and flu viruses are transmitted?

<p>Through hand-to-mouth contact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antiviral drugs in treating viral infections?

<p>To prevent the virus particles from reproducing in the host's body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viruses?

<p>They contain genetic information in the form of RNA or DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the protein coat surrounding a virus?

<p>To protect the virus from the host's immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between lytic and lysogenic infections?

<p>Lytic infections involve the virus immediately replicating while lysogenic infections involve the virus remaining dormant inside the host cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses enter host cells?

<p>By fusing with the cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic infection?

<p>Lytic infections cause the host cell to burst, while lysogenic infections insert viral DNA into the host cell's DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a retrovirus?

<p>A virus that copies its RNA into DNA and may become inserted into the DNA of the host cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a lytic infection?

<p>The host cell bursts and releases hundreds of virus particles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of infection for the common cold?

<p>The virus replicates itself using the host cell's machinery before the host cell releases hundreds of new virus particles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the microbiome?

<p>A collection of prokaryotic genomes that rivals the human genome in size and complexity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the germ theory of disease?

<p>The theory that bacteria are responsible for a number of human and animal diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways in which bacteria produce disease?

<p>By destroying living cells or by releasing chemicals that upset homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of prokaryotes in the environment?

<p>They help to digest food, synthesize certain vitamins, and maintain a balance that is important to good health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of European contact with Native Americans in terms of infectious diseases?

<p>Native Americans were exposed to previously unknown diseases and had no immunity, resulting in devastating consequences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of microbes in nature?

<p>To enrich the soil and recycle dead organic material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the human body and bacteria?

<p>The human body may be home to more bacterial cells than human cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a commercial product that can be produced using bacteria?

<p>Plastic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the microbiome?

<p>A collection of prokaryotic genomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way in which bacteria produce disease?

<p>Stimulating the immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the process by which bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen into useful compounds?

<p>Nitrogen fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotes?

<p>Their DNA is located in the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

<p>Prokarya (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the peptidoglycan in the cell walls of bacteria?

<p>To protect the cell from injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

<p>They are as different from each other as they are from eukaryotes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Russian biologist who first showed that the cause of tobacco mosaic disease was found in the liquid extracted from infected plants?

<p>Dmitri Ivanovski (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Dutch scientist who suggested that tiny particles in the juice caused tobacco mosaic disease?

<p>Martinus Beijerinck (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the American biochemist who isolated crystals of tobacco mosaic virus in 1935?

<p>Wendell Stanley (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the deadly disease carried by mosquitoes in tropical regions that is caused by a unicellular eukaryote?

<p>Malaria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which a retrovirus such as HIV infects a host cell?

<p>It makes a DNA copy of itself that inserts into the host's DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why we need a new flu shot every year?

<p>The flu virus evolves quickly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way that vaccines prevent viral diseases?

<p>By stimulating the host's immune system to recognize and destroy the virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way that viruses cause disease in the body?

<p>By disrupting the body's normal homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which many prokaryotes exchange genetic information?

<p>Conjugation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about nitrogen fixation?

<p>Only a few organisms, all of them prokaryotes, can convert N2 into useful forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of bacterial decomposers?

<p>They break down dead organisms to supply raw materials to the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bacterium Rhizobium in legume plants?

<p>It converts nitrogen in the air into nitrogen compounds essential for plant growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between the cell walls of Archaea and Bacteria?

<p>Archaea cell walls lack pep­tidoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which prokaryotes release energy from food molecules?

<p>Cellular respiration, fermentation, or both (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the group of Archaea that live in extremely salty environments, such as Utah's Great Salt Lake?

<p>Halophiles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which most prokaryotes reproduce, and what is one of its key features?

<p>Binary fission, which does not involve the exchange or recombination of genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?

<p>They contain a protein coat known as a capsid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which viruses enter host cells?

<p>They trick the cell into taking them in by binding to receptors on the cell surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between lytic and lysogenic infections?

<p>Lytic infections involve the virus immediately replicating, while lysogenic infections involve the virus persisting in an inactive state within the host (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the protein coat, or capsid, that surrounds the genetic information in a virus?

<p>To protect the virus from the host's immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic infection?

<p>In a lytic infection, a virus enters a bacterial cell and causes it to burst, while in a lysogenic infection, the viral nucleic acid is inserted into the host cell's DNA and is replicated along with the host DNA without damaging the host. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of infection for the common cold?

<p>The virus settles on a cell, often in the lining of the nose, and is brought inside the cell. The host cell's ribosomes translate the viral RNA into capsids and other viral proteins. These proteins assemble around copies of viral RNA, and within eight hours, the host cell releases hundreds of new virus particles to infect other cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of retroviruses?

<p>The genetic information of a retrovirus is copied from RNA to DNA, and may become inserted into the DNA of the host cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a bacteriophage and a retrovirus?

<p>A bacteriophage inserts its DNA into a bacterial cell, while a retrovirus copies its RNA into DNA and inserts it into the host cell's DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic infection in bacteria?

<p>In a lytic infection, the virus injects its DNA into the host cell and causes it to burst, while in a lysogenic infection, the viral DNA becomes part of the host cell's DNA and can remain dormant for many generations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of infection for the HIV virus?

<p>The HIV virus is an RNA retrovirus that copies its genetic information into the host cell's DNA, where it can remain dormant or cause the host cell to produce more virus particles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a lytic infection and a lysogenic infection in bacteria?

<p>In a lytic infection, the host cell is immediately taken over and destroyed by the virus, while in a lysogenic infection, the viral DNA becomes part of the host cell's DNA and can remain dormant for many generations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between lytic and lysogenic infections in bacteria and how does it affect the host cell?

<p>In a lytic infection, the virus immediately takes over the host cell and causes it to burst, while in a lysogenic infection, the viral DNA becomes part of the host cell's DNA and can remain dormant for many generations until environmental factors trigger it to become active, potentially causing the host cell to burst. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of microbes in nature?

<p>To recycle dead organic material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of European contact on Native American populations?

<p>They exposed Native Americans to deadly infectious diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bacteria and the human body?

<p>The human body may be home to more bacterial cells than human cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic shape of prokaryotes?

<p>Cubilli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between the cell walls of Archaea and Bacteria?

<p>Archaea cell walls lack peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which prokaryotes release energy from food molecules?

<p>Cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the group of Archaea that live in extremely salty environments, such as Utah's Great Salt Lake?

<p>Halophiles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of malaria and how is it transmitted?

<p>Malaria is caused by a parasite and transmitted through contact with infected blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between lytic and lysogenic infections?

<p>Lytic infections involve the destruction of the host cell while lysogenic infections do not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a prophage in a lysogenic infection?

<p>To integrate viral DNA into the host cell's genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the scientist who first isolated crystals of tobacco mosaic virus?

<p>Wendell Stanley (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of viruses?

<p>They are made up of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which viruses enter living cells?

<p>They use proteins on their surface to bind to receptors on the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a lytic and lysogenic infection?

<p>Lytic infections involve the virus replicating immediately, while lysogenic infections persist in an inactive state within the host (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Stanley infer about viruses based on their ability to crystallize?

<p>Viruses are not truly alive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about retroviruses such as HIV?

<p>They make a RNA copy of themselves that inserts into the host's DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do vaccines prevent viral diseases?

<p>They stimulate the body's immune system to recognize and destroy the viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why we need a new flu shot every year?

<p>The flu virus evolves rapidly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which viruses cause disease in the body?

<p>They affect cellular processes and upset homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

<p>Bacteria and Archaea are different groups with distinct characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in bacteria?

<p>To protect the cell from injury and determine its shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

<p>Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and their DNA is located directly in the cytoplasm while eukaryotes have a nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely origin of viruses according to the text?

<p>Viruses developed after living cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the RNA virus that causes AIDS?

<p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a lysogenic and lytic infection?

<p>Lysogenic infection involves viral DNA being inserted into host DNA, while lytic infection involves the virus making copies of itself and causing the cell to burst (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of viruses contain RNA instead of DNA?

<p>70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a cold virus infects a host cell?

<p>The virus settles on a cell, is brought inside the cell, and then the host cell's ribosomes translate the viral RNA into capsids and other viral proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way in which prokaryotes evolve?

<p>Conjugation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role played by prokaryotes in the environment?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nitrogen fixation in prokaryotes?

<p>To convert nitrogen gas into useful forms for other organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the bacterium Rhizobium in relation to nitrogen fixation?

<p>It grows in nodules on the roots of legume plants and converts nitrogen in the air into the nitrogen compounds essential for plant growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way that bacteria produce disease?

<p>By releasing chemicals that upset homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Rhizobium nodules on soybean roots?

<p>To convert atmospheric nitrogen into useful compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between microbiomes and disorders such as diabetes and cancer?

<p>They can be linked to abnormal microbiomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way that prokaryotes are used in commercial products?

<p>To generate electricity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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