Endoscopy and Surgical Techniques Quiz

A procedure that uses a long, flexible tube with a camera attached called an endoscope to view the inside of the digestive system, from the esophagus to the duodenum.

A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the small intestine, specifically the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the large intestine, specifically the colon and rectum.

Insertion of gas into the abdomen to inflate it during laparoscopic procedures. This provides space for better visualization and manipulation during the procedure.

A condition characterized by inflammation of the esophagus, often caused by acid reflux.

A surgical robot system that assists surgeons in performing minimally invasive procedures, such as those involving the stomach and intestines.

A surgical procedure that involves placing a tube into the stomach through the abdominal wall. This tube is used to deliver nutrition directly into the stomach.

A procedure that involves widening a narrowed passage in the digestive tract using a balloon or stent.

A procedure that allows doctors to visualize the upper digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) using a flexible, lighted tube with a camera attached.

Gastroscopy is a reliable tool for diagnosing conditions in the upper digestive tract like ulcers, inflammation, and cancer. It provides a detailed view of the area allowing for biopsies.

Colonoscopy is a procedure that uses a flexible, lighted tube with a camera to examine the entire colon (large intestine).

Colonoscopy is used for diagnosis and preventive care in the colon. It can detect polyps, inflammation, and cancer. It also allows for the removal of polyps to prevent cancer.

Colonoscopy can be difficult if the sigmoid colon is mobile or elongated due to anatomical challenges, and post-surgical adhesions can also complicate the procedure.

Colonoscopy typically takes around 30 minutes to perform. It requires training and skill for proper execution.

Certain conditions like a perforated intestine, acute diverticulitis, and deep ulceration make Colonoscopy not advised.

Possible complications of colonoscopy include perforation, bleeding, and infection. The risk of these complications is higher for therapeutic procedures, such as polyp removal.

A critical maneuver that focuses on ensuring a clear view of the colon's interior before advancing the colonoscope. It prevents unnecessary discomfort and potential complications.

A common area of difficulty during a colonoscopy, often due to its tight curves and narrow passage. It may require careful maneuvering and gentle air inflation.

Small, finger-like projections lining the terminal ileum, indicating healthy intestinal function.

A specific section of the colon that's easily identified due to its characteristic appearance, often seen on the left side of the colonoscope.

An inflammation of the small pouches in the colon, often causing pain, cramping, and bowel changes.

A condition characterized by inflammation of the bowels, manifesting as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.

A procedure used to examine deeper parts of the small intestine that cannot be reached by a standard gastroscope.

A medical procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra using a thin, tube-like instrument with a camera. It helps visualize the urinary tract for diagnosis and treatment.

A medical procedure for examining the upper urinary tract, including the renal pelvis and calyx, using a specialized instrument.

These are situations where cystoscopy is not recommended due to potential risks or complications.

A flexible type of cystoscopy used to access the urinary tract through the urethra.

A rigid type of cystoscopy often used in surgical procedures. It offers more control and stability during surgeries.

A procedure that uses a long, flexible tube with a camera attached called an endoscope to view the inside of the small intestine.

A type of small bowel endoscopy that uses a special balloon-assisted endoscope to reach beyond the duodenum.

A capsule-sized endoscope that is swallowed and travels through the digestive system, capturing images of the small intestine.

The insertion of an endotracheal tube for general anesthesia in patients where extending the neck is dangerous.

A procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the airways (bronchi) and lungs.

A condition where the air sacs in the lungs collapse, caused by air leaking into the space between the lung and the chest wall.

A procedure that uses a flexible endoscope to examine the bile duct system, which carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine.

A medical procedure using a flexible, lighted tube with a camera, inserted through the mouth to examine the digestive system from the esophagus to the duodenum.

The procedure allows for the identification of narrowing or blockages in the bile or pancreatic ducts caused by tumors, infections, or other abnormalities. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as gallstones, pancreatitis, and bile duct cancer.

The procedure is performed under IV sedation while the patient is on their back or side. Local anesthetic is sprayed on the back of the throat. An endoscope is inserted through the mouth and guided down the esophagus, into the stomach, and finally into the duodenum where the ampulla of Vater is located.

Common risks include infection, pancreatitis, allergic reactions to sedatives, bleeding, perforation of the GI tract or duct, tissue damage from radiation exposure, and death (rare). The risks can vary depending on the individual patient and the procedure's complexity.

After the procedure, the patient is monitored for a couple of hours until the sedatives wear off. They can eat and drink when the throat is no longer numb. If a gallstone was removed or a stent was placed, an overnight stay at the hospital might be necessary.

Contraindications include unstable cardiovascular or respiratory conditions, unstable neurological issues, psychological problems, existing bowel perforation, abnormal anatomy in the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine, altered surgical anatomy, and coagulopathy for ERCP with sphincterotomy or ampullectomy.

It refers to the pancreatic duct, also known as the duct of Wirsung. This duct carries digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the duodenum.

Complications can occur in around 1 to 5 percent of cases. The occurrence of complications often depends on the doctor's skill and the patient's underlying health conditions.