Endoscopy and Surgical Techniques Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What gas is typically introduced into the abdominal cavity during laparoscopic procedures?

Nitrous Oxide

Helium

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide (correct)

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically treated with endoscopy?

Stomach ulcer

Sinus infection (correct)

Chronic constipation

Gallstones

What is one of the therapeutic applications of small bowel enteroscopy?

Tumor removal

Liver biopsy

Insertion of SEMS (correct)

Appendectomy

Which of the following benefits is associated with using the Da Vinci Surgical System?

Improved control (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of endoscopy is specifically indicated for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Upper GI endoscopy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What potential condition can be ruled out by performing a gastroscopy?

Stomach and esophageal cancer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of endoscopy?

Diagnosis of motility disorders (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT an indication for small bowel enteroscopy?

Acute headaches (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main purposes of performing a barium enema?

To evaluate abnormal results (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication that may arise after a proctoscopy?

Heavy blood loss (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for performing a cystoscopy?

Biopsy of a tumor in the bladder (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for cystoscopy?

Active urinary tract infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cystoscopy is primarily used for easier manipulation during the procedure?

Flexible cystoscopy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main uses of gastroscopy?

To diagnose conditions such as ulcers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does gastroscopy rely on for diagnosis?

Detailed visualization and biopsy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with colonoscopy?

Perforation of the intestine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is NOT a contraindication for colonoscopy?

Influenza symptoms (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what part of the body does a colonoscopy examine?

Entire colon and ileocecum (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the effectiveness of gastroscopy?

It is somewhat unreliable for detecting early-stage cancers. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is more likely to arise from therapeutic procedures during colonoscopy?

Infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when there is uncertainty during colonoscopy?

Pull back the endoscope. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following segments is NOT typically considered difficult during colonoscopy?

Sigmoid colon (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should patients be positioned prior to intubation for a colonoscopy?

Left lateral decubitus with knees bent. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a digital rectal examination before starting the procedure?

To lubricate the anal canal and relax sphincters. (A) Signup and view all the answers

During colonoscopy, what signifies a red-out sign?

The scope is opposed to the colon mucosa. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the incorrect method of managing air during colonoscopy?

Introduce as much air as possible. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT considered a possible pathology found during colonoscopy?

Halitosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to open the entrance to the terminal ileum during the procedure?

Deflect the tip of the scope. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of endoscopy procedures in the small intestine?

To diagnose and treat conditions like bleeding and tumors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which preparation is recommended before undergoing bronchoscopy?

Fasting for 6-12 hours and avoiding smoking (D) Signup and view all the answers

What complication is associated with bronchoscopy?

Pneumothorax (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic indication is NOT associated with gallstones management?

Brachytherapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should patients avoid for 24 hours prior to bronchoscopy?

Smoking (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for performing bronchoscopy?

Uncorrectable hypoxemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of endoscopy allows examination of the small intestine beyond the duodenum?

Capsule endoscopy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure can be performed to relieve endobronchial bleeding?

Stent therapy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the reasons to suspect that a person's bile may be blocked?

Tumors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the pancreatic duct?

Wirsung (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant risk associated with ERCP?

Excessive bleeding (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of proctoscopy?

To detect diseases of the rectum or anus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Before the ERCP procedure, which items should be removed?

Dentures, jewelry, and contact lenses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What generally happens to patients after the ERCP procedure?

They are monitored for 1-2 hours (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for ERCP?

Existing bowel perforation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does local anesthetic play in the ERCP procedure?

Numbs the throat (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endoscopy Exam Notes

Endoscopy is a procedure used to view and operate on internal organs and vessels of the body.
Endoscopy is not only used for the digestive system, but has broader applications.
Endoscopy Investigation can be unusual, and it sometimes used to investigate symptoms.
Symptoms investigated by Endoscopy can include: vomiting blood, difficulty in swallowing, persistent diarrhoea, persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and persistent vomiting.
Types of Endoscopy: Laparoscopy (abdomen/pelvis), hysteroscopy (uterus), cystoscopy (bladder), gastroscopy (upper GI), colonoscopy (colon), sigmoidoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), bronchoscopy (lungs), laryngoscopy, arthroscopy (joints), nasopharyngoscopy, otoscopy (ear).
Advantages of Endoscopy: less invasive than open surgery, allows for descriptive and photographic documentation, low morbidity and mortality.
Disadvantages of Endoscopy: only views the surface of the organ, only a small area is visible at a time.
Diagnostic and Treatment Uses: Bleeding source, polyps and abnormal tissues.

Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule Endoscopy: A capsule with a camera is swallowed to view the digestive tract.
Images are transmitted as it passes through.
How it Works: Small Video Capsule is used to examine digestive tract & sensors attached to belt around the waist record data.
Advantages: Less invasive than open surgery, allows for descriptive and photographic documentation.
Disadvantages: Only views the surface of the organ, only a very small area is visible at a time.

Endoscopy A

Latest techniques in Endoscopy: Capsule endoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasound, narrow band imaging.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Endoscopy and x-rays combined to treat pancreatic and bile diseases.
Endoscopic Ultrasound: High-frequency sound waves to identify digestive and lung disease.
Narrow Band Imaging better visualization of internal organs.
Chromolendoscopy: Dyes are installed before endoscopy to identify lesions.

Endoscopy B

Da Vinci Surgical System: Offers improved dexterity, better control, less risky, and reduced hospital stay for GERD.
Types of endoscopy: upper GI endoscopy, enteroscopy, colonoscopy.
Endoscopy use: Diagnostic and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), stomach ulcers, chronic constipation, pancreatitis, gallstones, tumors, and infections.

Endoscopy C

Gastroscopy: Provides a reliable way to diagnose ulcers, infections, and cancers, tailored to each patient.
Gastroscopy Reliability: Reliable for identifying upper digestive tract abnormalities, but not foolproof for early-stage cancers.
Colonscopy: Examines large intestine, looks for abnormalities or pathologies within the mucosal lining.
Indications of Colonoscopy: Constipation, abdominal pain, post-polypectomy surveillance, prevention/aftercare for colorectal carcinoma, bleeding per rectum, unexplained anemia, weight loss, pathological thickening of colon wall, and primary tumor search with malignancy.

Endoscopy D

Small Bowel Enteroscopy: Used for bleeding in obscure origins.
Therapeutic Applications: Foreign body removal, mucosal resection, insertion of self-expandable metal stents, dilation of strictures, ERCP after bariatric surgery.
Gastroscopy: Examines upper gastrointestinal tract and first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Usefulness of Gastroscopy: Valuable diagnostic tool allowing doctors to closely examine the upper digestive tract.
Techniques: Tissue samples, photography, symptom investigation, ulcer detection, infection, and biopsy for precise diagnoses, and early cancer detection.

Endoscopy E

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy: Insertion of an endotracheal tube for general anesthesia, extension of neck.
Complications of Bronchoscopy: Pneumothorax, hemorrhage, hypoxemia, bronchospasm in asthmatics, complications of sedation/anaesthesia.
Bronchoscopy Treatments: Stent therapy, laser therapy, argon beam coagulation, and brachytherapy, rigid bronchoscopy.
Contraindications of Bronchoscopy: Uncorrectable hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and unstable myocardium.

Endoscopy F

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): Examines and treats conditions affecting bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and liver.
ERCP Uses: Diagnosing abnormalities and treating problems in the bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and liver.
Therapeutic Indications: Sphincterotomy, stone removal, stent placement, balloon dilation, and tissue sampling.

Endoscopy G

Cystoscopy: Examine inside of the bladder and urethra using a thin, tube-like instrument.
Uses of Cystoscopy: Diagnosis of lesions, follow-up, operative procedures, and treatment of urinary tract infections.
Contraindications: Active urinary tract infection, severe urethral stricture, acute prostatitis, severe coagulopathy, recent bladder or ureter disorders, severe cardio respiratory disorders, pregnancy, and a relevant pelvic radiation history.
Types of Cystoscopy: Rigid, flexible.

Endoscopy H

Proctoscopy: Examines rectum and anal canal using a short, rigid instrument.
Proctoscopy Purpose: Detects diseases of the rectum or anus, evaluates abnormal results of barium enemas or bowel tests, monitors rectal bleeding causes and growth of polyps.
Proctoscopy Usefulness: Check for rectal cancer, identify abnormalities in the lining of the colon or intestine, identify polyps and other benign growths, and evaluate blood loss, difficulty urinating.
Proctoscopy Complications: Heavy blood loss, difficulties urinating, and heavy pain.

Endoscopy I

Cystoscopy Indications: Frequent urinary tract infections, blood in the urine (hematuria), and urgent need to urinate with unusual cells. Painful urination, chronic pelvic pain, urinary blockage (prostate enlargement), and abnormal narrowing of the urinary tract.
Cystoscopy Indications: Stones in the urinary bladder, unusual growths (polyps, tumors) in the bladder.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various endoscopy techniques and surgical procedures. This quiz covers important topics including laparoscopic procedures, gastroscopy, and cystoscopy. Discover the significant applications and indications for these medical practices.