Endoscopy and Surgical Interventions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of cystoscopy?

To visualize the inside of the bladder and urethra (correct)

To check for rectal bleeding

To remove foreign bodies from the intestine

To evaluate polyps in the intestine

Which of the following is an indication for cystoscopy?

Post-operative assessment of rectal surgery

Monitoring drug effects

Analysis of rectal tissue samples

Evaluation/removal of obstructions in the genitourinary tract (correct)

What is a common complication that may arise after a proctoscopy?

Heavy blood loss (correct)

Low blood pressure

Dehydration

Infection

What is one contraindication for performing cystoscopy?

Active urinary tract infection Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cystoscopy is characterized by a rigid instrument?

Rigid cystoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily inflated in the abdomen for laparoscopic intervention?

CO2 gas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically diagnosed using endoscopy?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using the Da Vinci Surgical System?

Less staff required Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a therapeutic application of endoscopy?

Removal of foreign bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT an indication for a colonoscopy?

Chronic migraines Signup and view all the answers

What type of endoscopy is specifically used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Upper GI endoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of therapeutic colonoscopy?

Risk of infection Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used in endoscopy for treating hemorrhage?

Injection Signup and view all the answers

Why might gastroscopy miss certain abnormalities?

It may not detect very early or subtle cases Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for small bowel enteroscopy?

GT bleeding of obscure origin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can be confirmed via small bowel enteroscopy?

Inflammation of the gullet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for colonoscopy?

Severe ischemic necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic capability does colonoscopy provide?

It allows for both diagnosis and therapy Signup and view all the answers

How long does a typical colonoscopy procedure take?

30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a benefit of gastroscopy?

Allows for clear visualization and biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What should be removed before the procedure?

Dentures, jewelry, or contact lenses Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions indicates the need for an ERCP?

Blocked bile duct suspected due to tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the local anesthetic during the ERCP procedure?

To numb the throat area Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient expect after an ERCP procedure regarding eating and drinking?

Eating and drinking is allowed when throat is no longer numb Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of ERCP?

Hemorrhage or bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the pancreatic duct?

Wirsung Signup and view all the answers

Which type of patient is contraindicated for ERCP?

Unstable neurological problem patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a proctoscopy?

To examine the rectum and anus for diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary purposes of endoscopy in the small intestine?

Diagnose and treat small intestine conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with bronchoscopy?

Cardiac arrest Signup and view all the answers

What is a key preparation step for patients undergoing bronchoscopy?

Fast for 6-12 hours before the procedure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following therapeutic indications is applicable for endoscopic procedures?

Stent placement Signup and view all the answers

In which situation is bronchoscopy contraindicated?

Unstable myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic procedure involves placing a seed into the lung to kill cancer cells?

Brachytherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of bronchoscopy that may irritate the airway lining?

Mild irritation and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is required to prepare a patient for an ERCP procedure?

Upper GI must be empty Signup and view all the answers

Which rule is emphasized when there is uncertainty during a colonoscopy?

Pull back when in doubt. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using topical anesthetic jelly during the digital rectal examination?

To relax the anal sphincters. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there is a red-out sign during colonoscope introduction?

Inflate using the air/water infusion valve. Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the colon is typically noted for being difficult to navigate during a colonoscopy?

Rectosigmoid junction Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical position should patients be placed for a colonoscopy?

Left lateral decubitus position. Signup and view all the answers

What is required to visualize the terminal ileum during a colonoscopy?

Deflect the tip of the scope. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT typically associated with colonic pathology during colonoscopy?

Hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using as little air as possible during colonoscopy?

To prevent over-distension of the bowel. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endoscopy Exam Notes

Endoscopy: A procedure used to view and operate on internal organs and vessels. It's not limited to the digestive system.
When Endoscopy is used: Investigation of symptoms, performing certain types of surgery, removing small tissue samples for analysis.
Investigating Symptoms (examples): Vomiting blood, difficulty swallowing, persistent diarrhoea, persistent abdominal pain, unexplained vomiting, unexplained weight loss, heart related issues.
Types of Endoscopy: Laparoscopy (abdomen/pelvis), Hysteroscopy (uterus), Cystoscopy (bladder), Gastroscopy (upper GI), Colonoscopy (colon), Sigmoidoscopy (colon), ERCP (pancreatic/bile ducts), Bronchoscopy (lungs), Laryngoscopy (larynx), Arthroscopy (joints), Nasopharyngoscopy, Otoscopy (ear).
Why use Endoscopy?: Diagnosing and treating conditions such as bleeding source, polyps, abnormal tissues, inflammatory bowel diseases.
Advantages of Endoscopy: Less invasive than open surgery, allows for descriptive and photographic documentation, low morbidity and mortality.
Disadvantages of Endoscopy: Only views the surface of the organ, only views small area at a time.
Capsule Endoscopy: A small video capsule swallowed to examine the digestive tract.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): Combines endoscopy and X-rays to visualize structures in the biliary and pancreatic tract.
Endoscopic Ultrasound: Uses high-frequency sound waves to examine the digestive and lung systems.
Marrow-land Imaging: Uses filtered light for better visualization of internal organs.
Chromolendoscopy: Uses dyes to identify lesions before endoscopy.

Endoscopy B

Da Vinci Surgical System: Offers robot assistance for improved dexterity, control, and reduced hospital stays.
Endoscopy Used To: Diagnose Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, stomach ulcers, chronic constipation, pancreatitis, gallstones, tumors, and infections.
Therapeutic Procedures: Injections, clips, removal of foreign bodies, dilation of strictures, stenting, feeding tubes, Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG).

Endoscopy C

Gastroscopy Reliability: A reliable method for diagnosing digestive tract conditions like ulcers, infections, and various cancers. It also identifies underlying causes of indigestion.
Indications for Colonoscopy: Constipation, abdominal pain, post-polypectomy surveillance, bleeding per rectum, unexplained anemia, weight loss, thickened colon wall, primary tumors, or malignancy.
Procedure effectiveness: The effectiveness of the procedure can be influenced by certain anatomical challenges such as elongated sigmoid colon, adhesions, and mobility of the colon.
Risks of Colonoscopy: Perforations, bleeding into blood vessels.

Endoscopy D

Anal Canal: A short section of the digestive tract, where the anal verge meets the dentate line
Pathology (in Colonoscopy): A broad category of possible findings, including diverticulosis, diverticulitis, polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), angiodysplasia, and radiation colitis.
Procedure Technique(s): Scope insertion, retroflexion, water or air infusion
Terminal Ileum (TI): Involves examining the left part of the scope, using air suction and visualizing the TI
Enteroscopy: A procedure used to examine parts of the small intestines that cannot be accessed easily by other methods, important for conditions like bleeding and tumors
Uses: Diagnosing and treating conditions in the small intestines

Endoscopy E

Therapeutic Bronchoscopy: Insertion of endotracheal tubes for general anesthesia and extension of the neck, controlling or stopping bleeding within the bronchial tree, use of fogarty or other balloon catheters/catheters.
Complications: Pneumothorax, haemorrhage, hypoxaemia, bronchospasm in asthmatics.
Bronchoscopy Preparations: Patient fasting 6-12 hours before, minimal fluid intake and no smoking.
Contraindications: Uncorrectable bleeding tendency, tracheal stenosis, uncorrectable hypoxemia, hypercapnia, unstable myocardium.
Treatment: Stent therapy, Laser therapy, argon beam coagulation, brachytherapy

Endoscopy F

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): A specialized procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and liver. It combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy.
Therapeutic Indications (ERCP): Sphincterotomy, stone removal, stent placement, balloon dilation, tissue sampling.
Preparation for ERCP: The patient is prepared with fasting before the procedure, and any jewelry or dentures that might interfere are removed.
Potential Complications (ERCP): Bleeding, pancreatitis, perforation.

Endoscopy G

Cystoscopy: A procedure used to examine the bladder and urethra, typically uses a thin, tube-like instrument.
Indications for Cystoscopy: Frequent urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, frequent and urgent need to urinate, unusual cells in urine, painful urination, chronic pelvic pain, urinary blockage, abnormal narrowing in the urinary tract, stones in the urinary bladder, and uncommon growths.
Contraindications: Active urinary tract infection, severe urethral strictures, severe coagulopathies, recent bladder or urethral disorders, pregnancy, severe cardio-respiratory problems.
Types: Rigid Cystoscopy (larger instrument) and flexible Cystoscopy (more flexible).
Procedures: Biopsies of lesions, cystogram, evaluation and removal of obstructions in the urinary tract, bladder neck incision, coagulation of hemangiomas, removing foreign bodies, hematuria.

Endoscopy H

Proctoscopy: A procedure to examine the rectum and anal canal using a short, flexible instrument.
**Purpose of Proctoscopy-To detect diseases of the rectum and/or anus; evaluate abnormal results from blood cultures, monitor growth of polyps, determine cause of rectal bleeding; and to verify prior surgery treatment for rectal cancer.
Procedure: A thin, flexible instrument is inserted into the rectum, while images/real-time of the area are projected on a screen.
Potential Complications: Heavy blood loss, difficulty urinating, and/or severe pain.

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Description

Test your knowledge on endoscopy procedures, indications, contraindications, and complications with this quiz. Questions cover a range of topics including cystoscopy, colonoscopy, and the use of advanced systems like the Da Vinci Surgical System. Perfect for medical students and professionals alike.