Endoscopy and Cystoscopy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary purpose of performing cystoscopy?

  • To check for rectal cancer
  • To examine the inside of the bladder (correct)
  • To monitor growth of intestinal polyps
  • To evaluate causes of rectal bleeding

Which of the following is a contraindication for cystoscopy?

  • Routine bladder examination
  • Frequent cystitis
  • Acute prostatitis (correct)
  • Previous bladder surgery

What complication may arise after a proctoscopy examination?

  • Decreased pain levels
  • Heavy blood loss (correct)
  • Increased appetite
  • Improved urination

Which of the following is NOT an indication for cystoscopy?

<p>Evaluation of rectal cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of catheterizing the ureters?

<p>To treat lesions or tumors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary uses of an endoscope?

<p>To view and operate on internal organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of endoscopy used for examining the bladder?

<p>Cystoscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of endoscopy?

<p>It can only see the surface of the organ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capsule endoscopy primarily relies on what feature for examination?

<p>A tiny camera within a capsule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms may indicate the need for an endoscopy?

<p>Persistent diarrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using an endoscope over traditional surgery?

<p>It is much less invasive than open surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does a capsule endoscopy procedure typically last?

<p>30-60 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of imaging technique does endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combine with endoscopy?

<p>X-ray (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary use of gastroscopy?

<p>Diagnosing infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition might not be reliably detected by gastroscopy?

<p>Tiny ulcers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for a colonoscopy?

<p>Fulminant colitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for performing a colonoscopy?

<p>Constipation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major risks associated with therapeutic colonoscopy procedures?

<p>Perforation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect that impacts the effectiveness of a colonoscopy?

<p>Anatomical challenges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important capability of a colonoscopy?

<p>Therapeutic interventions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not part of the examination during a gastroscopy?

<p>Colorectal area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of insufflation during laparoscopic intervention?

<p>To inflate the abdomen for space (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition typically addressed by endoscopy?

<p>Severe headaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement does the Da Vinci Surgical System primarily offer?

<p>Robotic assistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic application is used for hemorrhage during endoscopic procedures?

<p>Injection and clips (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is performed to address issues related to the small bowel?

<p>Small bowel enteroscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition could be confirmed using a gastroscopy?

<p>Esophageal cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of laparoscopic surgery compared to traditional surgery?

<p>Reduced hospital stay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a diagnostic use of endoscopy?

<p>Biopsy collection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk associated with the ERCP procedure?

<p>Death in rare circumstances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the pancreatic duct?

<p>Wirsung (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What patient condition is a contraindication for ERCP?

<p>Unstable neurological problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long are patients monitored in the endoscopy area after an ERCP procedure?

<p>1-2 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be removed before undergoing ERCP?

<p>Jewelry and contact lenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a diagnostic use for ERCP?

<p>To check for tumors in the bile duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure examines the rectum and anal canal?

<p>Proctoscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may allow eating and drinking post-ERCP?

<p>If a gallstone was removed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if there is doubt about advancing the endoscope?

<p>Pull back the endoscope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is indicated as a potential difficult segment during a colonoscopy?

<p>Rectosigmoid junction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the digital rectal examination before the colonoscopy?

<p>To prelubricate the anal canal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called if the colon has small pouches forming in the lining?

<p>Diverticulosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to visualize the terminal ileum during endoscopy?

<p>Deflecting the tip of the scope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is mentioned for visualization in the terminal ileum?

<p>Indigocarmine-dye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is categorized under inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

<p>Crohn's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a 'red-out' sign during colonoscopy?

<p>Scope opposes colon mucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is endoscopy?

A procedure that uses a long, flexible tube with a camera and light source to view and operate on the internal organs and vessels of the body.

Why is endoscopy performed?

Endoscopy can help investigate unusual symptoms, perform certain types of surgery, and collect tissue samples for further analysis.

What is a colonoscopy?

A type of endoscopy where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the colon to view the inner lining.

What is a gastroscopy?

A type of endoscopy that examines the stomach and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).

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What is a hysteroscopy?

A type of endoscopy used to examine the uterus.

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What is capsule endoscopy?

A capsule with a tiny camera that is swallowed to examine the digestive tract, transmitting images as it passes through.

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What is ERCP?

A combination of endoscopy and X-ray used to treat pancreatic and bile diseases.

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What is Endoscopic Ultrasound?

A procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the digestive system and lungs, helping to identify diseases.

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Endoscopy

A minimally invasive procedure to visualize the inside of the digestive tract using a thin, flexible tube with a camera.

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Small Bowel Enteroscopy

A type of endoscopy that examines the small intestine, often used to investigate bleeding, chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, or chronic abdominal pain.

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Insufflation

The introduction of gas (usually CO2) into the abdominal cavity to create space for endoscopic procedures.

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Reflux Esophagitis

Inflammation of the esophagus caused by acid reflux.

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Gastroscopy

A type of endoscopy that examines the stomach and duodenum.

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Duodenitis

Inflammation of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.

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Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining.

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Biopsy

A procedure where a small sample of tissue is taken for examination under a microscope.

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Colonoscopy

A visual and biopsy-based tool used to assess the large intestine, including the rectum, colon, and ileocecum, by inserting a flexible tube with a camera into the anus. It helps identify abnormalities, assess inflammation, and conduct biopsies for accurate diagnoses.

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Colonoscopy Indications

Conditions that warrant a colonoscopy, including but not limited to: constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum, unexplained anemia, weight loss, and any abnormalities detected by other imaging techniques.

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Colonoscopy Procedure Effectiveness

Factors that make colonoscopy challenging, such as complex anatomy, post-surgery adhesions, or difficulty accessing certain areas of the colon.

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Colonoscopy Contraindications

Reasons prohibiting colonoscopy, including perforated intestine, acute diverticulitis, deep ulceration, severe ischemic necrosis, fulminant colitis, and cardiopulmonary decompensation.

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Colonoscopy Complications and Risks

Risks associated with colonoscopy, including perforation, bleeding, and infection. Therapeutic procedures like polypectomy can increase complication risks.

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Is Gastroscopy Reliable?

The reliability of gastroscopy in identifying abnormalities in the upper digestive tract, including inflammation, ulcers, tumors, and providing a clear view of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

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Endoscopy (gastroscopy)

A procedure for examining the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to diagnose and manage conditions like ulcers, infection, and cancer. It provides detailed visualization, tissue samples, and photography.

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What is Cystoscopy?

A procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra.

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What is a common reason for Cystoscopy?

A common reason for cystoscopy is to investigate hematuria, which means blood in the urine.

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What is a Uretroscope?

An instrument used to view the urinary tract, especially the upper part, including the renal pelvis and calyx.

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What can a cystoscopy be used for?

A cystoscopy may be used to remove a small object that has become lodged in the urinary tract.

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What is a contraindication for Cystoscopy?

Active urinary tract infection is one contraindication for performing a cystoscopy.

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Rectosigmoid Junction

The junction between the sigmoid colon and the rectum, often a difficult area to navigate during a colonoscopy.

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Sigmoid Descending

The descending part of the sigmoid colon, sometimes challenging to visualize due to its narrowness and tight turns.

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Hepatic Flexure

The point where the colon bends sharply upwards towards the liver, another tricky spot during a colonoscopy.

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Retroflexion

A technique used during colonoscopy to view the rectum from behind by bending the colonoscope.

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Ileocecal Valve (ICV)

The opening between the small and large intestines, which can be difficult to visualize during a colonoscopy.

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Diverticulosis

A condition characterized by outpouchings in the colon wall, a common finding during colonoscopy.

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Diverticulitis

Inflammation of the diverticula, a potentially painful condition that can be identified during a colonoscopy.

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What is Proctoscopy?

A procedure to examine the rectum and the anal canal using a short, rigid instrument called a proctoscopy.

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Gallstone Removal during ERCP

The removal of a gallstone during an ERCP procedure.

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Stent Placement during ERCP

Insertion of a small tube (stent) into a narrowed or blocked bile duct during ERCP to improve drainage.

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What is Pancreatitis?

A potential complication after ERCP, characterized by inflammation of the pancreas.

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Tissue Damage during ERCP: What is it?

A possible complication of ERCP, where unintended damage occurs to the lining of the digestive tract or bile ducts.

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What is the other name for the pancreatic duct?

The name for the pancreatic duct, also known as the Wirsung duct.

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When is ERCP not recommended?

Contraindications for ERCP typically include unstable cardiopulmonary or neurological conditions, as well as existing bowel perforation, structural abnormalities of the digestive tract, coagulopathy, and certain psychological problems.

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Study Notes

Endoscopy Exam Notes

  • Endoscopy is a procedure used to view and operate on internal organs and vessels of the body.
  • Endoscopy is not only for the digestive system, it has a wider scope.
  • Endoscopy can be used to investigate symptoms, investigate unusual cases or perform certain types of surgery.
  • Removing a small tissue sample for further analysis might be involved.

Types of Endoscopy

  • Laparoscopy: For abdomen or pelvis
  • Hysteroscopy: For uterus
  • Cystoscopy: For bladder
  • Gastroscopy (upper GI endoscopy): For upper GI
  • Colonoscopy: For colon
  • Sigmoidoscopy: For colon
  • ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): For bile ducts and pancreas.
  • Bronchoscopy: For lungs
  • Laryngoscopy: For Lungs
  • Arthroscopy: For joints
  • Nasopharyngoscopy: For nasopharynx
  • Otoscopy: For ears

Why Endoscopy?

  • Used for diagnosing and treating:
    • Bleeding sources
    • Polyps (abnormal tissues)
    • Inflammatory bowel diseases

Disadvantages

  • Can only view a surface area of an organ
  • Can only view a small area at a time

Advantages of Endoscopy

  • Less invasive than open surgery
  • Allows descriptive photography and documentation
  • Low morbidity and mortality rates

Types Of Endoscopy (Later Pages)

  • Capsule Endoscopy: Uses a small capsule with a camera that is swallowed.
  • ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): Combines endoscopy and X-rays to view the bile ducts, gallbladder, pancreas, and liver.
  • Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the digestive system and lungs.
  • Chromolendoscopy: Dyes are used before endoscopy to identify lesions

Endoscopy B

  • DaVinci Surgical System for improved dexterity, better control, better precision, and reduced hospital stay.

Endoscopy C

  • Gastroscopy is a reliable test for identifying abnormalities in the upper digestive tract (e.g., inflammation, ulcers, tumors).
  • Gastroscopy isn't foolproof, meaning it might not detect minor abnormalities.

Endoscopy D

  • Anal Canal: Examination of the lower portion of the rectum.
  • Terminal Ileum: Examination of the final part of the small intestine.
  • Enteroscopy: Examination of the small intestine.

Endoscopy E

  • Bronchoscopy: Procedure using a tube to view the airways inside the body (e.g., for diagnosing lung disease).
  • Bronchoscopy complications:
    • uncorrectable bleeding: difficult to treat with the current tools.
    • Tracheal Stenosis: reduced airway opening to breathe.
    • Poorly controlled asthmatic symptoms: difficult to keep the airways open to breathe.
  • Bronchoscopy procedures:
    • Preparing the patient: fast, no liquid 6-12 hours before procedure.

Endoscopy F & G

  • ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) Procedure:
    • Uses sedation and local anesthesia.
    • An endoscope is inserted through the mouth to reach the duodenum where the ampulla of Vater is.
    • The ampulla of Vater is where the bile and pancreatic ducts meet.
  • Complications of ERCP: occur in approximately 1-5% of cases.
  • Contraindications of ERCP: include unstable cardiovascular or neurological conditions, or any pre-existing condition that could be exacerbated with the procedure.
  • ERCP Post Procedure: requires monitoring for 1-2 hrs after the sedation wears off before eating and drinking.

G (Page 12 & 15)

  • Cystoscopy indications:
    • Frequent infections
    • Blood in the urine
    • Frequent need to urinate
    • Abnormal cells in the urine
    • Painful urination/pelvic pain
    • Blockage in the urinary tract
    • Bladder stones/growths

F (Page 13)

  • Proctoscopy: Procedure used to examine the rectum and anal canal.
  • Proctoscopy purpose: detect diseases of the rectum, evaluate abnormal results from barium enemas, monitor rectal bleeding or growths, and to check for cancer (in patients who have had surgery in the past).
  • Proctoscopy complications:
    • heavy blood loss (after procedure)
    • difficulty urinating
    • severe pain.

Endoscopy Final Revision (Page 14)

  • Cystoscopy is a procedure to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra using a thin, tube-like instrument.
  • It is used to detect:
    • Lesions or tumors
    • Follow up on previous examinations
  • Cystoscopy indications (reasons to perform it), include urinary tract infections, blood in the urine, or frequent and urgent urination.
  • Possible additional diagnoses (other than those already identified in the study notes), include recent UTIs, presence of bladder stones, or unexplained pelvic pain.

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Related Documents

Endoscopy Exam Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the purposes, indications, and contraindications of various endoscopic procedures, including cystoscopy and gastroscopy. This quiz will challenge your understanding of complications, advantages, and uses of endoscopes in medical diagnostics.

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