Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Risk Factors and Screening
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of endometrial cancer?

  • Endometrioid adenocarcinoma (correct)
  • Clear cell carcinoma
  • Serous carcinoma
  • Squamous cell carcinoma

    • What is the average age at diagnosis of endometrial cancer?

  • 61 (correct)
  • 55
  • 45
  • 70

    • Which of the following factors is NOT a known risk factor for endometrial cancer?

  • Obesity
  • Nulliparity
  • Early menopause (correct)
  • Diabetes mellitus

    • What is the recommended screening method for women with Lynch syndrome to detect endometrial cancer?

    <p>Endometrial biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is the most common presentation of endometrial cancer?

    <p>Abnormal vaginal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should women with Lynch syndrome start routine screening for endometrial cancer?

    <p>At age 30 or 5-10 years before the earliest age of diagnosis in the family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue does the basement membrane separate from the underlying connective tissue?

    <p>Endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a malignant tumor of the bone?

    <p>Osteosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic muscle tissue affected by Uterine Leiomyosarcoma?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which malignant tumor is associated with the skeletal muscle?

    <p>Rhabdomyosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Neuroblastoma?

    <p>Malignancy of the nerve cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer type involves cancer of the white blood cells?

    <p>Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended platelet count range to maintain during chemotherapy?

    <p>20,000 to 30,000 microL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemotherapeutic side effect is characterized by low levels of neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets?

    <p>Pancytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body system is affected by cardiomyopathy, a potential side effect of chemotherapy?

    <p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with nephropathy, one of the potential side effects of chemotherapy?

    <p>Kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which potential side effect of chemotherapy is characterized by inflammation in the bladder leading to blood in the urine?

    <p>Hemorrhagic cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Alpha-fetoprotein?

    <p>1-15 ng/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker is associated with levels > 50 ng/ml consistent with Colorectal Cancer?

    <p>Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Prostate Specific Antigen?

    <p>&gt; 4.0 ng/ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which cancer is CA-27-29 a tumor marker?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a metastatic workup, what evaluation is typically needed if a mass is identified in the chest?

    <p>Contrast-enhanced CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical parameters indicate that a bone scan is not needed during a metastatic workup?

    <p>Normal alkaline phosphatase levels and no bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the preexisting clinical risk factors for Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte abnormality is a diagnostic criterion for Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

    <p>Potassium ≥ 6 mEq/L or 25% increase above baseline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacological agent used in the management of Tumor Lysis Syndrome to convert uric acids into an inactive metabolite?

    <p>Rasburicase (Elitek)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the laboratory diagnostic criteria for Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

    <p>Phosphorus ≥ 6.5 mg/dl or 25% increase above baseline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for using Rasburicase (Elitek) in the management of Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

    <p>Sodium bicarbonate use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common bone site affected by multiple myeloma?

    <p>Vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with multiple myeloma?

    <p>Visual disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic finding would a urinalysis show in a suspected multiple myeloma case?

    <p>Proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laboratory findings is indicative of multiple myeloma?

    <p>Rouleaux formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What imaging modality is commonly used to identify lytic lesions in suspected multiple myeloma cases?

    <p>X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte abnormality is often seen in individuals with multiple myeloma?

    <p>Hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the urine dipstick result in suspected multiple myeloma cases?

    <p>Negative for protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate timeframe for initiating antibiotic therapy after obtaining blood cultures for a patient presenting with symptoms of infection?

    <p>Within 60 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fungal pathogens is commonly associated with invasive fungal infections in patients with neutropenia?

    <p>Candida spp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of neutropenic fever, what antifungal agent can be initiated if a patient remains febrile at 4 days or develops new pulmonary infiltrates during therapy?

    <p>Caspofungin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is considered an antipseudomonal beta-lactam agent in the context of bacterial coverage for neutropenic fever?

    <p>Cefepime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for low-risk neutropenic fever patients who can be managed as outpatients?

    <p>Oral ciprofloxacin with oral Augmentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For high-risk neutropenic fever patients, what action should be taken if they are still febrile at 4 days or have new pulmonary infiltrates during therapy?

    <p>Commence empiric antifungal therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional agents may be added in the management of low-risk neutropenic fever patients who present with complications or suspected antimicrobial resistance?

    <p>Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, or vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of neutropenia in terms of ANC?

    <p>ANC &lt; 1500/mcl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is granulocyte stimulating factor (neupogen) typically ordered?

    <p>When ANC is &lt; 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increased risk associated with neutropenia lasting more than 7 days?

    <p>Increased risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are low risk patients characterized by in the context of neutropenia?

    <p>ANC &lt; 500 for ≤ 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be initiated in high-risk patients with neutropenic fever?

    <p>Empiric antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are the most common cause of neutropenic fever?

    <p>Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)?

    <p>(WBC x % neutrophils) x 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemotherapeutic agent is associated with side effects including photosensitivity, anorexia, hypotension, and flu-like symptoms?

    <p>Dacarbazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemotherapeutic drug is linked to neurotoxicity as one of its adverse effects?

    <p>Cisplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed chemotherapeutic agents, which one is not known for causing alopecia?

    <p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly experienced with Cytarabine treatment?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable adverse effect of Ifosfamide that distinguishes it from the other chemotherapeutic agents listed?

    <p>Neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemotherapeutic agent is primarily associated with electrolyte imbalances as one of its main side effects?

    <p>Platinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the listed chemotherapeutic drugs, which one can cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

    <p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site affected by malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>Thoracic spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical timing relationship between the onset of back pain and neurologic symptoms in malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>Back pain precedes neurologic symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is indicative of spine instability in the context of malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>Pain only on movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a late finding associated with malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>Bowel dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of imaging for malignant spinal cord compression, what contrast is recommended in MRI scans?

    <p>Contrast with and without contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is generally indicated for spine instability in malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial dose of Dexamethasone given in the treatment of malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>10 mg IV bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may be prevented with VTE prophylaxis in patients with malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may avoid the need for surgery in malignant spinal cord compression?

    <p>'Radiation therapy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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