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Questions and Answers
Entamoeba hartmanni is a non-pathogenic commensal amoeba.
True
Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba hartmanni have identical morphology.
True
Entamoeba coli is a pathogenic parasite.
False
The transmission of Entamoeba hartmanni is through the fecal-oral route.
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Iodamoeba butschlii is a type of parasitic amoeba.
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The infections caused by Entamoeba hartmanni are symptomatic.
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The genus Endolimax includes the species E. nana.
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Non-pathogenic intestinal amoebae should not be considered indicators of fecal contamination.
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Mobility of Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoites is non-directional with blunt pseudopodia.
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Entamoeba hartmanni is larger than Entamoeba histolytica.
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Study Notes
Endolimax nana
- Found in the intestines of various animals, including humans
- Can cause intermittent or chronic diarrhea
Morphology
- Trophozoite: 6-12 µm, granular cytoplasm, karyosome, sluggish motility, and inclusions of bacteria
- Cysts: 5-10µm, mature cysts contain 4 nuclei, no peripheral chromatin, and no chromatoid body
Iodamoeba Butschlii
- No information provided
Naegleria Fowleri
- Free-living amoeba found in warm freshwater
- Can cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a severe and often fatal brain infection
Naegleria Trophozoite
- 15-30µm, single nucleus, feeds and divides by binary fission, can transform into flagellate and cyst form, found in cerebrospinal fluid and tissue
Naegleria Flagellate Form
- Elongated or pear-shaped, anterior nucleus, two free flagella, found in water at 27-37°C, non-feeding and non-dividing, never present in tissue
Naegleria Fowleri Infection
- Trophozoite is the infectious form, introduced through the nose, embeds in the nasal epithelium, attracted to olfactory nerve and bulb, and spreads to the cerebrum
Naegleria Life Cycle
- Three distinct stages: Trophozoite (feeding and replicating), Flagellate (movement in water), and Cyst (dormant, resistant to harsh conditions)
Entamoeba coli
- Worldwide distribution, non-pathogenic commensal intestinal amoeba, life cycle similar to Entamoeba histolytica but without an invasive stage and ingestion of red blood cells
Morphology
- Trophozoite: 10-50 µm, irregular shape, non-directional motility, dirty and vacuolated cytoplasm, small karyosome, and no chromatoid body
- Cysts: 10-25 µm, spherical, vesicular nucleus, coarse granules, small karyosome, and not frequently seen chromatoid bodies
Entamoeba gingivalis
- Found in the mouth, in gingival pockets and periodontal pockets, 95% of people with gum disease, transmission by kissing or sharing eating utensils
Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae
- Facultative parasites of humans, acquired by exposure to contaminated water or inhalation of cysts from dust
- Examples: Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia species
Naegleria Fowleri
- The trophozoite is the infectious form, introduced through the nose, embeds in the nasal epithelium, attracted to the olfactory nerve and spreads to the cerebrum
Life Cycle
- Starts with a trophozoite, transforms into a flagellate form, which moves in water, and then transforms into a cyst form if there is a lack of nutrients and water
Acanthamoeba Species
- Trophozoites have an irregular appearance with spine-like pseudopodia, and acanthopodia
- Can be bi-nucleated, and the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis
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Description
Learn about the morphology and potential pathogenic effects of Endolimax nana, a parasite found in the intestines of various animals, including humans.
