Endogenous vs Exogenous Growth Hormone Quiz

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What are the components of thyroid hormones that are part of the thyroglobulin complex?

T4 and T5

T3 and T4 (correct)

T1 and T2

T2 and T3

Where are the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 located within the thyroid gland?

Inside the colloid (correct)

In the bloodstream

In the parathyroid gland

In the thyroid follicular cells

Which of the following is NOT a component of the thyroglobulin complex?

Calcitonin (correct)

T4

Thyroglobulin

T3

What is the main function of the thyroglobulin complex containing T3 and T4?

Regulating metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone complex is still part of the thyroglobulin complex inside the colloid?

(T3, T4) Signup and view all the answers

What is impaired in Laron dwarfs and African pygmies?

GH responsiveness Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation is responsible for the impaired responsiveness to GH in Laron dwarfs and African pygmies?

GH receptor mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is a key step for the promotion of growth by GH that is impaired in Laron dwarfs and African pygmies?

IGF-1 formation ability Signup and view all the answers

What factor is normal or high in Laron dwarfs and African pygmies despite the impairment in responsiveness to GH?

GH production Signup and view all the answers

In Laron dwarfs and African pygmies, what is the main cause of the inability to form IGF-1?

Mutation in IGF-1 formation gene Signup and view all the answers

What hormone regulates the production of adrenal androgens, including DHEA?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of ACTH?

Controlling thyroid hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ACTH in the endocrine system?

Regulating adrenal gland activity Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is specifically mentioned to be influenced by ACTH in the text?

DHEA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of adrenal androgens regulated by ACTH?

Influencing reproductive health Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason some men tend towards exogenous GH?

To increase exercise capacity Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of exogenous GH affect the endogenous GH?

Suppresses it Signup and view all the answers

Why is the effect of exogenous GH on endogenous GH considered an 'inhibition effect'?

It suppresses endogenous GH Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe substances and processes originating from outside an organism?

Exogenous Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to acknowledge the effects of exogenous GH before using it?

To avoid suppression of endogenous GH Signup and view all the answers

What does the process described in the text enhance?

Entry of fatty acids into adipose tissue cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT affected by the action mentioned in the text?

Glucose absorption in the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is one key role of the process described in relation to adipose tissue cells?

Enhancing fatty acid storage Signup and view all the answers

How does the described process impact blood circulation?

Enhances fatty acid transport Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular process benefits the most from the enhanced entry of fatty acids according to the text?

Lipid synthesis in adipose tissue cells Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the physiological functions of thyroid hormones mentioned in the text?

Increase the transcription of numerous genes Signup and view all the answers

How do thyroid hormones impact gene expression based on the information provided?

Enhance the transcription of numerous genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on gene transcription?

Elevate the transcription of numerous genes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the impact of thyroid hormones according to the text?

Increase transcription of multiple genes Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is a notable effect of thyroid hormones on gene expression?

Enhancing transcription of a wide range of genes Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of stress accompanied by tissue injury?

Activation of stress-induced inflammation Signup and view all the answers

How does stress affect the production of inflammatory cytokines?

Suppresses inflammatory cytokine production Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of stress in inflammation?

Stress amplifies the relationship between tissue injury and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

How does stress affect lymphocyte function in the context of antibody production?

Stress causes lymphocyte dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

In the presence of stress and tissue injury, what is a likely outcome regarding immune responses?

Immune responses are heightened Signup and view all the answers

How do the described actions collectively impact extracellular fluid calcium concentration?

Promote bone resorption to release calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the actions described in the text?

Maintaining calcium homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of a malfunction in the regulation of extracellular fluid calcium concentration?

Weakening of bone structures Signup and view all the answers

What organ system is most directly affected by the actions aimed at regulating extracellular fluid calcium concentration?

Endocrine system Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining extracellular fluid calcium concentration important for overall health?

To support proper nerve function Signup and view all the answers

What type of adjustments are required for the regulation of calcium balance according to the text?

Slowly responding adjustments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the adjustments needed to maintain a constant total amount of Ca in the body?

Being long-lasting Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe the adjustments involved in regulating calcium balance?

Dynamic and rapid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary timing characteristic of the adjustments needed for maintaining a constant total amount of Ca in the body?

Gradual Signup and view all the answers

Which type of changes best describes the adjustments required for calcium balance regulation?

Gradual and persistent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of Growth Hormone (GH) on protein synthesis?

Increases the rate of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

How does Growth Hormone (GH) affect glucose utilization in the body?

Decreases the rate of glucose utilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue due to GH?

Increased use of fatty acids for energy Signup and view all the answers

Under GH control, what becomes the primary source of energy for the body?

Fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

How does GH influence the body's energy metabolism?

Switches the source of energy to fats instead of glucose and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the accelerated rate of food utilization for energy have on the body?

Increases blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

How does the accelerated utilization of foods for energy impact ATP production within cells?

Increases ATP production Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the accelerated utilization of foods for energy affect the body's temperature regulation?

Enhances heat production Signup and view all the answers

How does the accelerated rate of food utilization impact the body's metabolic processes?

Promotes catabolism over anabolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely consequence of a sustained acceleration in the rate of food utilization for energy on the body's overall nutritional status?

Development of malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

How can the bones of the skull respond to growth according to the text?

By growing in thickness and forming bony protrusions Signup and view all the answers

In what region of the skull can bony protrusions develop due to growth as described in the text?

Over the eyes Signup and view all the answers

What effect can growth have on the thickness of bones in the skull based on the text?

Allowing for bony protrusions to form Signup and view all the answers

How do bony protrusions over the eyes typically arise according to the text?

Due to growth and thickening of the bones Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct consequence of the bones of the skull growing in thickness as mentioned in the text?

Creation of bony protrusions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of an increase in TRH, TSH, T3, and T4 levels?

Decrease in metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

How do elevated levels of T3 and T4 impact ATP production?

Increase ATP production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased TSH?

Enhanced glucose breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of decreased TRH levels on heat production?

Decrease in heat production Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in TRH levels impact the metabolic rate?

Increase in metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT characterized by severe local inflammation, as mentioned in the text?

Cushing's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following disorders is cortisol NOT used for treatment according to the text?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using cortisol in treating allergic disorders, based on the text?

To suppress the immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about cortisol's role in the immune system based on the text?

It directly kills pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the harmful effects of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis from other aspects of the diseases, as mentioned in the text?

Severe local inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in potassium ions in the extracellular fluid have on aldosterone secretion?

It greatly enhances aldosterone secretion Signup and view all the answers

How does a decrease in potassium ions in the extracellular fluid impact aldosterone secretion?

It inhibits aldosterone secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions, when increased in the extracellular fluid, does not impact aldosterone secretion?

Calcium ions Signup and view all the answers

What relationship does the concentration of potassium ions have with the regulation of aldosterone secretion?

Directly proportional Signup and view all the answers

If the extracellular fluid becomes deficient in potassium ions, what would be the expected effect on aldosterone secretion?

Inhibits aldosterone secretion Signup and view all the answers