Pigments and tissue deposits

Which of the following is NOT an endogenous pigment?

Which pigment is responsible for the gross brownish color seen in aging cells? “Wear and tear pigment”

Which of the following exogenous pigments is derived from plant sources?

What color does haemoglobin turn when bound to carbon monoxide?

Methaemoglobin gives a tissue a:

Anaemia is characterized by:

What does haemoglobin imbibition refer to?

Where are effete (old) RBCs primarily removed from circulation?

What happens to iron and globin during haemoglobin breakdown?

Heme is enzymatically converted to _________

What is the function of glucuronic acid in bilirubin metabolism?

What happens to conjugated bilirubin in the body?

When the RBC’s get old, they make their way to the spleen. The spleen breaks hemoglobin down into ________, _______ and _______

Describe the metabolism of heme.

Describe bilirubin processing.

Too much bilirubin in the blood is called:

At what level of bilirubinemia does jaundice become clinically evident?

Which of the following best describes jaundice (icterus)?

Where is yellow discoloration most prominently observed in jaundiced animals?

Why is fat not a reliable indicator of jaundice in certain animals like livestock, corn-fed chickens, and monkeys?

Which of the following statements about jaundiced tissues is TRUE?

In which liver cells can yellow-brown pigment be observed in cases of cholestasis?

Where is extracellular bilirubin pigment most commonly seen in cases of cholestasis?

The ______ is the organ primarily responsible for processing bilirubin

Which of the following can affect bilirubin processing in the liver?

Match the clinical classification of jaundice to the correct description

In haemolytic jaundice, bilirubin production exceeds:

Extravascular hemolysis occurs primarily in the:

When you have extravascular hemolysis, the kidneys are okay because the hemoglobin isn’t free in the blood to be filtered by the kidney

Which of the following is NOT a feature of extravascular hemolysis?

Describe the steps of extravascular lysis in the spleen.

In intravascular lysis, there is damage to ____________

Intravascular lysis: The damage of RBC in circulation leads to the release of ____________

Intravascular lysis: Eventually, the free hemoglobin goes to the blood circulation and eventually goes to the kidney, causing _________

The first signs of extravascular hemolysis is ___________

In intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinaemia is more obvious than jaundice because it happens first and in higher amounts

What is the most prominent gross finding in intravascular hemolysis?

Which organ shows dark-red brown discoloration in intravascular hemolysis?

Microscopically, what is observed in the renal tubules in cases of intravascular hemolysis?

What are the three common types of hemolytic anemia?

Which infectious disease in cattle is also known as "Red Water" disease?

Babesiosis (“Red water”) in cattle causes _______________ (intravascular/extravascular) hemaglobinuria

What is the primary mechanism of RBC destruction in Mycoplasma haemofelis infection in cats?

Toxic and immune mediated causes of hemolytic anemia only cause extravascular lysis.

Which of the following pathogens can cause immune-mediated hemolysis in dogs?

Which of the following toxic agents is responsible for haemolytic anaemia in sheep?

Which type of toxicity can cause both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?

In immune mediated causes of hemolytic anemia, the ____________ (antibodies/antigens) target or destroy _____.

Both intra and extra-vascular hemolysis can result in :

What is the main cause of hepatic jaundice?

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which hepatocellular damage leads to jaundice?

What happens to bilirubin when the liver is unable to process it properly?

What is the primary cause of post-hepatic jaundice?

Which of the following occurs in post-hepatic jaundice?

What happens when bile is not secreted into the intestines due to an obstruction?

What happens to excess iron in the body due to increased RBC breakdown?

If there is NO excess iron in a cell, which protein stores iron instead of haemosiderin?

Which organ is a major site of intracellular iron storage?

What gross appearance does haemosiderin accumulation cause?

How does haemosiderin appear microscopically on an H&E stain?

Which stain is used to confirm haemosiderin deposits in tissues?

Erythropoietic porphyria is a developmental anomaly seen in:

Erythropoietic porphyria is caused by an inherited deficiency of which enzyme?

What is the main consequence of the enzyme deficiency in erythropoietic porphyria?

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of erythropoietic porphyria?

The pink coloration of teeth and brown bones in erythropoietic porphyria is due to the accumulation of:

What happens when porphyrins accumulate in the skin?

Haematin is most closely associated with which pigment?

Haematin is typically produced by:

In which parasitic infection is haematin particularly observed?