29 Questions
What is the most commonly used intracanal medicament?
Calcium hydroxide
Which medicament is known for its antibacterial effect not lasting long and ability to diffuse through temporary filling material, causing an unpleasant taste?
Phenolics
What is a disadvantage of using iodine potassium iodide (IKI) as an intracanal medicament?
Possible allergic reaction
What is a limitation of using aldehydes as intracanal medicaments?
Toxicity to periradicular tissues
What is the fear associated with using antibiotics as intracanal medication?
Development of bacterial resistance
What is the main use of steroids in root canals?
Pain relief and anti-inflammatory action
What is the most commonly used root canal irrigant?
Chlorhexidine
What is an example of an irrigating system that uses negative pressure?
End vented needle gauge 23
Which irrigating solution is considered the most popular?
Sodium hypochlorite
What is an example of a final rinse used in root canal treatment?
Chlorhexidine
What is a disadvantage of using sodium hypochlorite as an irrigating solution?
Toxicity when injected into periradicular tissues
Which function is NOT a desired function of irrigating solutions?
Staining action
What is the main function of chelating agents in root canal treatment?
Removing the smear layer
Which irrigating solution is known for its bleaching action?
Hydrogen peroxide
What is the advantage of using chlorohexedine gluconate as an irrigating solution?
Antimicrobial action
Which irrigating solution is described as stable, inexpensive, and easy to use?
Saline
What is a disadvantage of using hydrogen peroxide as an irrigating solution?
High toxicity when injected into periradicular tissues
Which irrigating solution is known for its property of dissolving organic components of dentin and biofilms?
Sodium hypochlorite
What is the primary function of BioPure MTAD as an irrigating solution?
Opening of dentinal tubules
What does increasing the temperature of NaOCl solutions enhance?
Tissue-dissolution capacity
Which irrigant offers substantive antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and no foul smell or taste?
Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX)
What does Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) release, which helps in removing loose debris?
Oxygen
What does BioPure MTAD serve as?
Antimicrobial, lubricant, and smear layer eliminator
What is the primary function of saline as an irrigant?
Lubricant
What is the purpose of chelating agents, such as EDTA, in endodontic irrigation?
Removing the smear layer and enlarging narrow calcified canals
Which combination of irrigants may have specific interactions with potential clinical implications?
CHX + NaOCl
What is the purpose of intra-canal medicaments?
Antimicrobial activity and neutralization of canal remnants
What are the methods of irrigation used in endodontics?
Syringe and needle irrigation, manual agitation, ultrasonic irrigation, and negative apical pressure agitation
What effect do sodium hypochlorite accidents have, requiring immediate management?
Severe pain, edema, bleeding, and irritation
Study Notes
Endodontic Irrigation and Medicaments: Key Points
- Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) has tissue-dissolving properties but can cause severe toxicity if forced into tissues.
- Increasing the temperature of NaOCl solutions enhances tissue-dissolution capacity but affects stability.
- Sodium Hypochlorite accidents can cause severe pain, edema, bleeding, and irritation, requiring immediate management.
- Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) offers substantive antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, and no foul smell or taste, but lacks tissue solvent action and action on smear layer.
- Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) releases oxygen, removing loose debris, but may cause tissue emphysema and postoperative pain.
- BioPure MTAD, a mixture of doxycycline, citric acid, and detergent, serves as an antimicrobial, lubricant, and smear layer eliminator.
- Saline does not have antimicrobial or organic solvent properties, but acts as a lubricant and is non-irritant.
- Herbal irrigants like Morinda citrifolia juice offer broad therapeutic effects including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Chelating agents, such as EDTA, aid in removing the smear layer and enlarging narrow calcified canals.
- Irrigant combinations, such as CHX + NaOCl, CHX + EDTA, and NaOCl + EDTA, may have specific interactions with potential clinical implications.
- Methods of irrigation include syringe and needle irrigation, manual agitation, ultrasonic irrigation, and negative apical pressure agitation.
- Intra-canal medicaments are used for antimicrobial activity and neutralization of canal remnants between appointments.
Test your knowledge of endodontic irrigation and medicaments with this quiz. Explore key points such as the properties and management of sodium hypochlorite accidents, the uses and limitations of chlorhexidine gluconate, the effects of hydrogen peroxide, the benefits of BioPure MTAD, the role of saline and herbal irrigants, the function of chelating agents, potential interactions of irrigant combinations, and various methods of irrigation.
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