Endocrinology Quiz: Hormone Mechanisms

Target cell activation is influenced by the blood levels of the hormone, the relative number of receptors on the target cell, and the affinity of those receptors for the hormone.

Transport proteins bind to steroids and thyroid hormones in the blood, regulating their availability and longevity in circulation, which is essential for their biological activity.

Peptide hormones typically bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems, while steroid hormones diffuse through the cell membrane to bind intracellular receptors, affecting gene expression directly.

<p>Hormones are removed from the bloodstream through degrading enzymes, the kidneys, and liver enzyme systems, which are crucial for maintaining hormonal balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback maintains hormone levels within a narrow range; for example, testosterone produced by the testes inhibits the secretion of LH from the pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary messengers amplify the signal of hormones binding to cell surface receptors, and hormones like Adrenocorticotropic hormone, FSH, and glucagon typically utilize cAMP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin has a plasma half-life of 8 minutes and a metabolic clearance of 800 ml/min, while cortisol has a half-life of 100 minutes and a clearance of 140 ml/min.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific transport proteins bind to particular hormones like Corticosteroid binding globulin for cortisol, whereas nonspecific proteins like albumin transport various hormones indiscriminately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, altering gene expression, while peptide hormones bind to cell surface receptors, activating secondary messenger systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free hormones are available for receptor binding and biological effects, and their degradation influences the concentration of free hormone in circulation, affecting overall hormone activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers