Chapter 9 TF

Total T4 levels are usually low in untreated hyperthyroidism

Extra risk factors associated with untreated hyperthyroidism include hypothermia

Aldosterone is produced by the reticularis in the adrenal gland

Adrenal carcinoma requires adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment

Hyperglycemia is a symptom associated with excess cortisol production

External beam radiation is not a treatment option for excess cortisol production

Prolactinoma is a pituitary disorder that primarily affects females

Macroadenoma refers to a pituitary tumor that is less than 10 mm in size

Impotence is a common symptom of excess prolactin in males with prolactinoma

Diabetes Insipidus is characterized by low serum sodium levels

Acromegaly is a common pituitary disorder that can impact underwriting decisions

T4 and T3 hormones play a role in increasing oxygen consumption

Pheochromocytoma paragangliomas only occur in adults.

The best test to diagnose pheochromocytoma is a high output palpitation test.

Parathyroid hormone primarily acts on the liver, lungs, and heart to increase serum calcium concentrations.

Hypercalcemia caused by parathyroid gland issues may lead to symptoms like constipation and abdominal pain.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly associated with pituitary adenomas.

Insulin and glucagon are hormones that work together to regulate glucose levels.

Type 1 diabetics need to monitor their blood glucose levels at least once a day.

Continuous glucose sensors allow a person to instantly check their glucose levels.

Obesity is the main cause of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes has a higher genetic predisposition compared to type 1 diabetes.

Visceral adipose tissue accumulates around deep organs and is important for glucose homeostasis.

Insulin pump therapy is recommended for those who aim to gain weight.

Cortisol spares protein catabolism, lipolysis, and inhibits both insulin and glucagon.

Excess cortisol production can lead to hypoglycemia.

Impaired glucose tolerance is defined as a blood glucose measurement greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl at any time during an oral glucose tolerance test.

Type 1 diabetes involves polygenic inheritance and environmental factors.

Those with 'double diabetes' are mostly adults without weight concerns.

Insulin can be taken orally due to its resistance to stomach acid and enzymes.