Endocrine Diseases: Pituitary Gland and Endocrinology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following glands is not located in the brain?

  • Thyroid (correct)
  • Pineal
  • Parathyroid
  • Pituitary
  • What is the function of the adenohypophysis?

  • Regulates the production of hormones from the neurohypophysis
  • Secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands (correct)
  • Secretes hormones that stimulate the hypothalamus
  • Produces hormones that regulate the feedback from the hypothalamus
  • What is the name of the hormone produced by the anterior lobe that stimulates the adrenal glands?

  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (correct)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Which of the following glands has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the sella turcica?

    <p>At the base of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the glands that produce hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream?

    <p>Ductless glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic facial feature observed in individuals with thyroid hormone imbalance?

    <p>Supraorbital margin/frontal bossing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the isthmus in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid hormone on the basal metabolic rate?

    <p>Increases BMR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of frequent extraction of calcium from the bones?

    <p>Demineralization of the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target organ/gland for the hormone released from the bloodstream that originates from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thyroid hormone in nervous function?

    <p>Maintains normal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the neurohypophysis in the hypophyseal system?

    <p>It stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an abnormal level of growth hormone in the body?

    <p>It produces a short stature and shortened bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway of the releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the infundibular stalk in the hypophyseal system?

    <p>It transports oxytocin and ADH from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the hypothalamus to produce thyroid releasing factors?

    <p>Low levels of T3 and T4 in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the skin in patients with myxedema?

    <p>Hyperkeratotic skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its own set of secretions?

    <p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition when the mother has hypothyroidism during pregnancy, resulting in mental retardation and short stature in the infant?

    <p>Cretinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low TSH levels on the production of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Increased production of T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the eyebrows in patients with myxedema?

    <p>The lateral 3rd of the eyebrows become more sparse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition characterized by an excessive production of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of no cortisol in Addison's disease?

    <p>Wasting away of muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypertension in pheochromocytoma?

    <p>Hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of no aldosterone in Addison's disease?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic facial feature of Cushing's syndrome?

    <p>Moon face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for hypertension in pheochromocytoma?

    <p>Removal of the tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of electrolyte imbalance in Addison's disease?

    <p>Cardiac complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

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