30 Questions
Which of the following glands is not located in the brain?
Thyroid
What is the function of the adenohypophysis?
Secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands
What is the name of the hormone produced by the anterior lobe that stimulates the adrenal glands?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of the following glands has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Pancreas
What is the location of the sella turcica?
At the base of the brain
What is the term for the glands that produce hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream?
Ductless glands
What is the characteristic facial feature observed in individuals with thyroid hormone imbalance?
Supraorbital margin/frontal bossing
What is the primary function of the isthmus in the thyroid gland?
Connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland
What is the effect of thyroid hormone on the basal metabolic rate?
Increases BMR
Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
Calcitonin
What is the consequence of frequent extraction of calcium from the bones?
Demineralization of the bone
What is the target organ/gland for the hormone released from the bloodstream that originates from the hypothalamus?
Adrenal cortex
What is the role of thyroid hormone in nervous function?
Maintains normal function
What is the function of the neurohypophysis in the hypophyseal system?
It stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus
What is the effect of an abnormal level of growth hormone in the body?
It produces a short stature and shortened bones
What is the pathway of the releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe?
Infundibulum
What is the function of the infundibular stalk in the hypophyseal system?
It transports oxytocin and ADH from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe
What is the primary stimulus for the hypothalamus to produce thyroid releasing factors?
Low levels of T3 and T4 in the blood
What is the characteristic of the skin in patients with myxedema?
Hyperkeratotic skin
Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its own set of secretions?
TSH
What is the term for the condition when the mother has hypothyroidism during pregnancy, resulting in mental retardation and short stature in the infant?
Cretinism
What is the effect of low TSH levels on the production of thyroid hormones?
Increased production of T3 and T4
What is the characteristic of the eyebrows in patients with myxedema?
The lateral 3rd of the eyebrows become more sparse
What is the term for the condition characterized by an excessive production of thyroid hormones?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the consequence of no cortisol in Addison's disease?
Wasting away of muscles
What is the primary cause of hypertension in pheochromocytoma?
Hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the consequence of no aldosterone in Addison's disease?
Hyperkalemia
What is the characteristic facial feature of Cushing's syndrome?
Moon face
What is the treatment for hypertension in pheochromocytoma?
Removal of the tumor
What is the consequence of electrolyte imbalance in Addison's disease?
Cardiac complications
Test your knowledge on the principles of medicine, focusing on endocrine diseases, pituitary gland, and endocrinology. This quiz covers the study of ductless glands, hormones, and target glands. It's perfect for medical students, especially those in semester 2.
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