Endocrine Diseases: Pituitary Gland and Endocrinology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following glands is not located in the brain?

  • Thyroid (correct)
  • Pineal
  • Parathyroid
  • Pituitary

What is the function of the adenohypophysis?

  • Regulates the production of hormones from the neurohypophysis
  • Secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands (correct)
  • Secretes hormones that stimulate the hypothalamus
  • Produces hormones that regulate the feedback from the hypothalamus

What is the name of the hormone produced by the anterior lobe that stimulates the adrenal glands?

  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (correct)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Which of the following glands has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

<p>Pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the sella turcica?

<p>At the base of the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the glands that produce hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream?

<p>Ductless glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic facial feature observed in individuals with thyroid hormone imbalance?

<p>Supraorbital margin/frontal bossing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the isthmus in the thyroid gland?

<p>Connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyroid hormone on the basal metabolic rate?

<p>Increases BMR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?

<p>Calcitonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of frequent extraction of calcium from the bones?

<p>Demineralization of the bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target organ/gland for the hormone released from the bloodstream that originates from the hypothalamus?

<p>Adrenal cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thyroid hormone in nervous function?

<p>Maintains normal function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neurohypophysis in the hypophyseal system?

<p>It stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an abnormal level of growth hormone in the body?

<p>It produces a short stature and shortened bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of the releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe?

<p>Infundibulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the infundibular stalk in the hypophyseal system?

<p>It transports oxytocin and ADH from the hypothalamus to the posterior lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary stimulus for the hypothalamus to produce thyroid releasing factors?

<p>Low levels of T3 and T4 in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the skin in patients with myxedema?

<p>Hyperkeratotic skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its own set of secretions?

<p>TSH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition when the mother has hypothyroidism during pregnancy, resulting in mental retardation and short stature in the infant?

<p>Cretinism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low TSH levels on the production of thyroid hormones?

<p>Increased production of T3 and T4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the eyebrows in patients with myxedema?

<p>The lateral 3rd of the eyebrows become more sparse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition characterized by an excessive production of thyroid hormones?

<p>Hyperthyroidism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of no cortisol in Addison's disease?

<p>Wasting away of muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypertension in pheochromocytoma?

<p>Hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of no aldosterone in Addison's disease?

<p>Hyperkalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic facial feature of Cushing's syndrome?

<p>Moon face (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for hypertension in pheochromocytoma?

<p>Removal of the tumor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of electrolyte imbalance in Addison's disease?

<p>Cardiac complications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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