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Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Which of the following hormonal levels is typically altered in Sheehan syndrome?
Which morphological change is expected in the adrenal glands of a patient who developed Cushing syndrome due to iatrogenic glucocorticoid intake?
What are the classical signs of hyperaldosteronism?
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Which of the following conditions can lead to pituitary apoplexy?
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What are the expected laboratory findings in a patient with Cushing syndrome?
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Which test is used to differentiate between ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent causes of Cushing syndrome?
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Which of the following is a classical clinical feature of Addison’s disease?
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What condition is characterized by an adrenal tumor that causes excess secretion of catecholamines, leading to symptoms like headache, palpitations, and sweating?
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Which condition is identified by adrenal insufficiency, potentially leading to symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, and skin hyperpigmentation?
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Which pituitary adenoma is most commonly associated with excessive growth hormone secretion, leading to changes such as increased shoe size and joint pain?
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What condition is characterized by excessive cortisol production, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, facial acne, and lethargy?
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Which condition involves excessive mineralocorticoid hormone production, often presenting with hypertension and hypokalemia?
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What is a common symptom of a patient suffering from Addison's disease?
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What condition is likely if a patient shows symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and a postural drop in blood pressure, along with hyperpigmentation of the skin?
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Which pituitary adenoma is most commonly found compared to others, often associated with symptoms of hormonal imbalance or pressure effects?
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Which condition is characterized by excessive production of aldosterone leading to hypertension and hypokalemia?
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What is the most common type of pituitary adenoma?
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Which of the following best describes Addison's disease?
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Cushing syndrome is primarily characterized by elevated levels of which hormone?
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What is a common symptom of pheochromocytoma?
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Which of the following hormones is NOT typically increased in patients with Cushing syndrome?
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A patient presents with low cortisol levels and high ACTH levels. This condition is most likely indicative of:
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In a patient with Cushing disease, which underlying condition is most commonly the cause?
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Study Notes
Endocrinology MCQs Study Notes
- A 40-year-old female with sudden headache and diplopia likely has pituitary apoplexy, a condition where blood flow to the pituitary gland is compromised.
- Cretinism is characterized by umbilical hernia, short stature, protruded tongue, and mental retardation; often associated with maternal hypothyroidism.
- Increased PTH and hypocalcemia in a 65-year-old male indicate potential chronic renal failure causing parathyroid gland enlargement.
- Symptoms of nausea, postural hypotension, and skin pigmentation with electrolyte imbalances suggest Addison’s disease.
- Acromegaly can be diagnosed in a 35-year-old woman showing joint pain, increasing shoe size, and changes in extremities due to excess growth hormone.
- Pheochromocytoma presents in a 25-year-old male with hypertensive episodes, nervousness, and skin pigmentation.
- A known case of rheumatoid arthritis with symptoms like lethargy and weight gain could indicate Cushing syndrome, linked to prolonged glucocorticoid use.
- Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary adenoma, affecting hormonal balance.
- Early signs of puberty in a 5-year-old boy may show adrenal cortical hyperplasia.
- In a 69-year-old male, hyponatremia and other metabolic changes could suggest small cell lung cancer as the underlying cause.
- In Sheehan syndrome, ADH is normally secreted despite pituitary necrosis after severe blood loss during childbirth.
- Iatrogenic glucocorticoid use leading to adrenal atrophy is a common consequence observed in Cushing syndrome.
- Pituitary apoplexy typically results in hypopituitarism due to the loss of pituitary function.
- Most primary hyperaldosteronism cases arise due to idiopathic causes or Conn syndrome linked to adrenal adenomas.
- ACTH dependence in Cushing syndrome can be differentiated using the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test.
- Classic signs of hyperaldosteronism include hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
- Hypercalcemia may lead to gastrointestinal issues like mouth or peptic ulcers.
- A type 2 diabetic male with high blood glucose levels fainting could indicate dehydration or missed medications.
- RAS mutations are associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma, while RET proto-oncogene mutations can occur in certain thyroid cancers.
- Grave's disease gene mutation is linked with HLA-DR3.
- DiGeorge syndrome is associated with chromosome 22.
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma has the best prognosis among thyroid cancers.
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma is noted for amyloid deposits; follicular thyroid carcinoma is known for lymph node involvement.
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus progression least affects pancreatic polypeptide cells, while beta cells are primarily targeted by CD8+ T-cells.
- Diabetic neuropathy characteristic includes impaired wound healing.
- The polyol pathway is heavily implicated in diabetes complications like neuropathy.
- Hypoglycemia can be seen in conditions such as hypopituitarism and pheochromocytoma.
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Description
Test your knowledge in Endocrinology with this MCQ quiz focusing on common conditions and their pathologies. Each question challenges your understanding of symptoms, diagnoses, and related disorders in endocrinological practice. Ideal for medical students and professionals preparing for exams.
