Endocrinology: Hormones and Glucose Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Hormonal imbalance
  • Pancreatic cell destruction (correct)
  • Defect in insulin receptors
  • Insulin resistance

    • What is the result of glucagon in excess in the body?

  • Decreased insulin secretion
  • Reduced plasma glucose levels
  • Increased entry of glucose into cells
  • Increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (correct)

    • What is the purpose of testing for pre-diabetes and diabetes beginning at age 45?

  • To identify patients with a family history of diabetes
  • To monitor insulin resistance
  • To detect secondary causes of diabetes
  • To diagnose diabetes at an early stage (correct)

    • What is the criterion for diagnosing diabetes using the HbA1c test?

    <p>HbA1c of ≥ 6.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of diabetes in addition to the 3 Ps?

    <p>Microvascular problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Metabolic and hormonal changes during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of somatostatin on endocrine hormones?

    <p>Inhibition of insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of diabetes cases are Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of glucagon action on glucose metabolism?

    <p>Increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criterion for diabetes using the FPG test?

    <p>FPG of ≥ 126 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency of testing for pre-diabetes and diabetes?

    <p>Every 3 years starting at age 45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net effect of growth hormone on glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>Increase glucose levels by increasing glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of somatostatin in glucose metabolism?

    <p>Inhibiting insulin and glucagon secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of testing for pre-diabetes and diabetes using the OGTT test?

    <p>To screen for diabetes in patients without symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of glucagon excess in the body?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Metabolic and hormonal changes during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended test for diagnosing diabetes in patients with symptoms?

    <p>Random plasma glucose level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of growth hormone action on glucose metabolism?

    <p>Decreased glucose uptake in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of hyperosmolar insulin-resistant states?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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