Endocrinology Hormone Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

  • Dopamine/Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
  • Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (correct)
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Which hormone plays a role in reducing the secretion of prolactin?

  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Dopamine/Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH) (correct)
  • Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH)

Which of the following hormones is associated with the regulation of cortisol secretion?

  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  • Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH)
  • Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (correct)
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Which hormone is involved in the stimulation of the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)?

<p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH)?

<p>Stimulate the release of prolactin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily responsible for muscle mass and secondary sex characteristics in males?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) primarily serve in the body?

<p>It acts as a precursor to testosterone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about estrogen is correct?

<p>It mainly originates from the ovaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of androgens in females?

<p>Adrenal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does excess Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) affect females during puberty?

<p>It enhances secondary sex characteristics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gonadocorticoids are also known as which of the following?

<p>Sex hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of the hormone aldosterone?

<p>Increase blood pressure and promote potassium excretion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily related to the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

<p>Estradiol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms when iodine is attached to tyrosine in colloid?

<p>DIT and MIT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues can also contribute to the production of androgens besides the adrenal cortex and gonads?

<p>Skin and adipose tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is composed of tyrosine and is important for thyroid hormone production?

<p>Thyroglobulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many iodine molecules attach to a single tyrosine residue to form DIT?

<p>Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the capillary in relation to colloid and tyrosine?

<p>It provides a pathway for hormone release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the end products of iodine attachment to tyrosines that are critical for thyroid hormones?

<p>Di-iodotyrosine and Mono-iodotyrosine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form does thyroglobulin store iodinated tyrosines?

<p>In colloid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the structure of thyroglobulin?

<p>A large glycoprotein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T4 in the context of the information provided?

<p>To cleave T3 from thyroglobulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hormones mentioned in the content is accurate?

<p>T3 and T4 hormones are derived from thyroglobulin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows T3 and T4 to enter the bloodstream?

<p>Diffusion after being cleaved from thyroglobulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do lysosomal enzymes play in the context of T4 and T3?

<p>They cleave T4 and T3 from thyroglobulin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between thyroglobulin and the hormones T4 and T3?

<p>T4 and T3 are synthesized from thyroglobulin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which location does the cleavage of T4 and T3 from thyroglobulin primarily occur?

<p>In the colloid of the thyroid follicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological significance of T3 and T4 entering the bloodstream?

<p>They regulate metabolic processes in the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lysosomal enzymes in this context?

<p>They promote the absorption of iodine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of colloid within the thyroid follicle?

<p>It serves exclusively as a storage area for thyroglobulin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

A hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

A hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH and LH control the development of eggs and sperm.

Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH)

A hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone that stimulates milk production in women.

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Dopamine/Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)

A hormone, also known as dopamine, that is released from the hypothalamus and inhibits the pituitary gland from releasing prolactin. It helps control prolactin levels in the body.

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Tyrosine

A type of amino acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

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Thyroglobulin

A protein found in the thyroid gland, essential for thyroid hormone production.

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Capillary

Tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

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Colloid

A gel-like substance found inside the thyroid gland where thyroid hormones are produced.

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Iodine

A chemical element essential for the production of thyroid hormones.

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MIT

A molecule formed when one iodine atom attaches to a tyrosine molecule.

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DIT

A molecule formed when two iodine atoms attach to a tyrosine molecule.

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Lysosomal enzymes

Enzymes found within lysosomes, responsible for breaking down various molecules.

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T4 (Thyroxine)

Thyroid hormone, primarily involved in metabolism, growth, and development.

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T3 (Triiodothyronine)

Thyroid hormone, also involved in metabolism, growth, and development.

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Lumen of follicle

The fluid-filled space within the thyroid gland.

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Cleavage of T4 and T3

The process of releasing thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) from thyroglobulin.

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Diffuse into bloodstream

The transportation of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland to the bloodstream.

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T4 conversion to T3

The process of converting T4 into T3, the active form of thyroid hormone.

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Thyroid follicle

The functional unit of the thyroid gland, responsible for producing and storing thyroid hormones.

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Aldosterone

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, responsible for regulating electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium.

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Mineralocorticoids

A class of steroid hormones, including aldosterone, that primarily affect mineral balance in the body.

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Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

A type of steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, primarily involved in the development of secondary sex characteristics in females.

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Estrogen

A steroid hormone produced mainly by the ovaries, playing a crucial role in female reproductive development and function.

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Testosterone

A steroid hormone produced primarily by the testes, responsible for male sexual development and function.

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Androgens

A group of steroid hormones, including testosterone, responsible for male sexual development and function.

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Estradiol

A steroid hormone produced by the ovaries, primarily involved in maintaining pregnancy.

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Estriol

A type of estrogen produced by the ovaries, primarily important during pregnancy.

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Adrenal Cortex as Secondary Site of Sex Hormone Production

While the gonads (testes and ovaries) are the primary sources of sex hormones, the adrenal cortex also produces a small amount, particularly DHEA.

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