Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which hormone is associated with lactation and has a role in weight loss?
Which hormone is associated with lactation and has a role in weight loss?
Bendorphin is known for its stimulating effect on the immune system.
Bendorphin is known for its stimulating effect on the immune system.
False
What condition is indicated by an adenoma in the Pars Intermedia related to PPID?
What condition is indicated by an adenoma in the Pars Intermedia related to PPID?
Cushing's disease
The ______ effect of ACTH can lead to muscle loss.
The ______ effect of ACTH can lead to muscle loss.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following hormones with their primary effects:
Match the following hormones with their primary effects:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of chromatophores in organisms?
What is the primary role of chromatophores in organisms?
Signup and view all the answers
The epidermis contains connective tissue.
The epidermis contains connective tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
What is holometabolism?
What is holometabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
The _____ is the outermost layer of the skin that provides a barrier against environmental factors.
The _____ is the outermost layer of the skin that provides a barrier against environmental factors.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following skin layers with their functions:
Match the following skin layers with their functions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is characteristic of blood-sucking parasites?
Which of the following is characteristic of blood-sucking parasites?
Signup and view all the answers
Cell surface receptors play a significant role in cellular signaling.
Cell surface receptors play a significant role in cellular signaling.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of lipids in the epidermis?
What is the function of lipids in the epidermis?
Signup and view all the answers
In hypersensitivity reactions, the immune complex formation leads to the activation of the _____ system.
In hypersensitivity reactions, the immune complex formation leads to the activation of the _____ system.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex formation?
What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex formation?
Signup and view all the answers
Canine blue eye is associated with immune complex hypersensitivity.
Canine blue eye is associated with immune complex hypersensitivity.
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during the sensitization phase of an allergic reaction?
What happens during the sensitization phase of an allergic reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
The _____ granules in mast cells contain histamine.
The _____ granules in mast cells contain histamine.
Signup and view all the answers
Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?
Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of melanocytes in the dermis?
What is the primary function of melanocytes in the dermis?
Signup and view all the answers
The mid-dermal plexus supplies blood to the sebaceous glands.
The mid-dermal plexus supplies blood to the sebaceous glands.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of receptor binds to cytokines in the immune response?
What type of receptor binds to cytokines in the immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
The process by which blood-sucking parasites attach and feed on their hosts is called ______.
The process by which blood-sucking parasites attach and feed on their hosts is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the skin layers with their primary functions:
Match the skin layers with their primary functions:
Signup and view all the answers
Blood supply to the touch and pressure receptors is primarily adrenergic.
Blood supply to the touch and pressure receptors is primarily adrenergic.
Signup and view all the answers
Motoneurons are primarily responsible for sensory responses in the dermis.
Motoneurons are primarily responsible for sensory responses in the dermis.
Signup and view all the answers
What is Atopic Dermatitis primarily characterized by?
What is Atopic Dermatitis primarily characterized by?
Signup and view all the answers
Cells that act as antigen-presenting cells in the skin are called ______.
Cells that act as antigen-presenting cells in the skin are called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the functions with their respective components in the skin:
Match the functions with their respective components in the skin:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the deepest layer of the skin that contributes to the blood supply?
What is the deepest layer of the skin that contributes to the blood supply?
Signup and view all the answers
Holometabolism refers to the complete transformation of insects from larva to adult.
Holometabolism refers to the complete transformation of insects from larva to adult.
Signup and view all the answers
Which component of the skin layer acts as a barrier against UV light?
Which component of the skin layer acts as a barrier against UV light?
Signup and view all the answers
Blood-sucking parasites typically have specialized ______ to facilitate attachment to their hosts.
Blood-sucking parasites typically have specialized ______ to facilitate attachment to their hosts.
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of skin cell plays a key role in immune response?
Which type of skin cell plays a key role in immune response?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Skin
- Cells: epidermis, melanocytes (pigment), Langerhans cells (antigen), nerves in dermis (sensory and motor)
- Blood supply: deep, mid, superficial dermal plexus
- Glands: Sebaceous glands (near hair follicles), eccrine sweat glands (associated with hair follicles), apocrine sweat glands (not associated with hair follicles)
- Types of hypersensitivities: Type 1 (anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis), Type 2 (antibody mediated cytotoxicity), Type 3 (immune complex hypersensitivity), Type 4 (cell mediated)
Exotic & Avian Integument
- Rats & Ferrets: lack sweat glands (except on feet), lots of sebaceous glands
- Rabbits: furry feet, large ears for thermoregulation, scent glands
- Guinea pigs: thick foot pads, hairless behind ears
- Chinchillas: dense coat, need dust baths, fur slip
- Hamsters: loose, stretchy skin, scent glands
- Rats: zymbals glands, tail slip, mammary tissue
- Reptiles: dry skin, few glands (femoral and cloacal), epidermis layers (stratum germinativum, intermediate layer, stratum corneum)
Bugs
- Fleas are Holometabolous, obligate blood-suckers, feed on various species
- Flies are Holometabolous, feed on various species, belong to various families (Simuliidae, Culicidae, Ceratopogonidae, Psychodidae, Muscidae, Tabanidae, Hippoboscidae, Glossinidae, Oestridae, Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae)
Cell-Surface Receptor Protein
- 3 target classes: G protein, ion channel-linked, enzyme-linked
- Second Messenger Signaling: intra-cellular (cAMP, calcium ions)
- Intracellular proteins: molecular switches via phosphorylation
Thyroid
- Produces T3 and T4, calcitonin
- Stimulated by TRH and TSH
- Regulates basal metabolic rate
- Follicular cells synthesize thyroglobulin
- Remainder of T4 made to rT3 = regulatory action of T3
Glucocorticoids
- Produced by the zona fasciculata in the adrenal glands
- Stress hormone
- Inhibits insulin storage to promote glucose usage
- Promotes gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, proteolysis, lipolysis
Equine Pars Pituitary Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID)
- Adenoma in pars intermedia
- Excessive production of POMC
- Lack of inhibitory control from dopamine from the hypothalamus
- Clinical signs:
- High levels of ACTH, MSH
- Poor glucose control
- Other clinical signs will vary based on individual animals.
Catecholamines
- Synthesis and kinetics
- Receptors (Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, Beta 2) and their effects
- Alpha 1: vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, intestinal relaxation, pilo motor contraction, bladder sphincter contraction
- Alpha 2: sedation & anaesthesia
- Beta 1: HR, contractility
- Beta 2: vasodilation, bronchodilation, glycogenolysis, lipolysis
GIT Hormones
- Gastrin: Made in G cells in duodenum/stomach, stimulated by peptides, amino acids increase gastric acid release pepsinogen activation & motility
- Secretin: made in duodenum, stimulated by H+ & fatty acids, increase bicarbonate release
- CCK: made in duodenum, stimulated by fatty acids, amino acids, increase pancreatic enzyme & bile, gallbladder contraction
- GIP: made in small intestine, stimulated by fats, sugars & amino acids, inhibiting gastric secretion & release of insulin in response to blood glucose
- Ghrelin: made by stomach & pancreas, stimulated by starvation, effect: strong appetite
Wounds
- 3 Phases of healing: inflammatory, fibroplasia/repair, maturation (matrix synthesis/degradation)
- Dressings: absorb moisture (wet-to-dry, alginates, foam, hydrocolloids), retain moisture (hydrogels, blister plasters)
The Hypothalamus
- Co-ordinates Autonomic Nervous System + Endocrine System
- Monitors the internal + external environment
- Regulates hormone secretion & acts on pituitary
Metabolism
- During digestion, large organic molecules are degraded by hydrolysis
- Excess carbohydrates and protein converted to triglycerides
Glucocorticoid Actions
- Mobilization of stored fat and lipids
- Catabolism of muscle proteins
- Antagonizes / opposes insulin action
- Promotes gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, proteolysis, lipolysis
Hormones
- Overview of different classes
- Feedback regulation
The Pancreas (Endocrine)
- Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, produced by different cells in the islets of Langerhans
- Insulin- Water-soluble hormone required for glucose uptake in muscle+ fat cells
- Glucagon-primarily acts on liver, stimulates glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis, stimulated by blood glucose
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the roles of various hormones in lactation, weight loss, and immune response. Additionally, dive into the complexities of skin layers, chromatophores, and hypersensitivity reactions. This quiz covers essential concepts from both endocrinology and dermatology.
