Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of primary hypothyroidism in dogs?
What is the primary cause of primary hypothyroidism in dogs?
Which treatment is considered the most effective for hyperthyroid disease in cats?
Which treatment is considered the most effective for hyperthyroid disease in cats?
What is the average survival time for dogs with hyperadrenocorticism regardless of treatment?
What is the average survival time for dogs with hyperadrenocorticism regardless of treatment?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas in dogs and cats?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the pancreas in dogs and cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common clinical sign associated with hypothyroidism in dogs?
What is a common clinical sign associated with hypothyroidism in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What common dietary issue is linked to pancreatitis in dogs?
What common dietary issue is linked to pancreatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which breed is NOT typically predisposed to Addison's disease?
Which breed is NOT typically predisposed to Addison's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which breed is NOT commonly associated with genetic predisposition to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Which breed is NOT commonly associated with genetic predisposition to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone levels are assessed in the ACTH stimulation test for diagnosing Addison's disease?
Which hormone levels are assessed in the ACTH stimulation test for diagnosing Addison's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic clinical sign of Cushing's syndrome in dogs?
What is a characteristic clinical sign of Cushing's syndrome in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
During the evaluation of a dog suspected of having pancreatitis, which laboratory finding would likely be observed?
During the evaluation of a dog suspected of having pancreatitis, which laboratory finding would likely be observed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential side effect of hyperthyroid treatment with antithyroid drugs?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of hyperthyroid treatment with antithyroid drugs?
Signup and view all the answers
What gastrointestinal sign can indicate the presence of pancreatitis?
What gastrointestinal sign can indicate the presence of pancreatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which distemper vaccine is contraindicated in young dogs?
Which distemper vaccine is contraindicated in young dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What initial treatment approach is recommended for severe pancreatitis?
What initial treatment approach is recommended for severe pancreatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What clinical sign is commonly associated with maldigestion due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
What clinical sign is commonly associated with maldigestion due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
In which condition is an enlarged thyroid gland typically palpated?
In which condition is an enlarged thyroid gland typically palpated?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a common predisposing factor for Cushing's syndrome in dogs?
Which of the following describes a common predisposing factor for Cushing's syndrome in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following treatments is effective for managing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Which of the following treatments is effective for managing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which diagnostic method is used to assess pancreatic function?
Which diagnostic method is used to assess pancreatic function?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary hormonal function of the thyroid gland in animals?
What is the primary hormonal function of the thyroid gland in animals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which breed of dog has a noted genetic predisposition to develop hypothyroidism?
Which breed of dog has a noted genetic predisposition to develop hypothyroidism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which clinical sign is least likely to be associated with hyperthyroidism in cats?
Which clinical sign is least likely to be associated with hyperthyroidism in cats?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of veterinary treatment approach is indicated for a dog diagnosed with Addison's disease?
What type of veterinary treatment approach is indicated for a dog diagnosed with Addison's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common cause of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs?
What is the most common cause of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What clinical sign is commonly observed in both Cushing’s syndrome and diabetes mellitus in dogs?
What clinical sign is commonly observed in both Cushing’s syndrome and diabetes mellitus in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which diagnostic test is used to differentiate between types of Cushing's syndrome in dogs?
Which diagnostic test is used to differentiate between types of Cushing's syndrome in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential complication of hyperthyroidism treatment in cats using radioactive iodine?
What is a potential complication of hyperthyroidism treatment in cats using radioactive iodine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment method for hyperthyroidism in cats involves lifelong dietary restrictions?
Which treatment method for hyperthyroidism in cats involves lifelong dietary restrictions?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by the destruction of the thyroid gland leading to hormone deficiency?
What condition is characterized by the destruction of the thyroid gland leading to hormone deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant factor that may influence the survival of a dog with early hyperadrenocorticism?
What is a significant factor that may influence the survival of a dog with early hyperadrenocorticism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential result of pancreatitis not directly associated with the pancreas?
Which of the following is a potential result of pancreatitis not directly associated with the pancreas?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common clinical sign indicative of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
What is a common clinical sign indicative of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which breed is particularly prone to developing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency based on genetic factors?
Which breed is particularly prone to developing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency based on genetic factors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first line of treatment often recommended for a dog diagnosed with severe pancreatitis?
What is the first line of treatment often recommended for a dog diagnosed with severe pancreatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which laboratory test is specifically used to assess pancreatic function in a dog suspected of having exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Which laboratory test is specifically used to assess pancreatic function in a dog suspected of having exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following dietary factors is associated with the development of pancreatitis in dogs?
Which of the following dietary factors is associated with the development of pancreatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom might a dog with EPI exhibit despite having a normal appetite?
What symptom might a dog with EPI exhibit despite having a normal appetite?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of pancreatitis in dogs?
Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of pancreatitis in dogs?
Signup and view all the answers
In dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis, which of the following findings is most likely to be present on a chemistry panel?
In dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis, which of the following findings is most likely to be present on a chemistry panel?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Endocrine & Pancreas Diseases
- Oversees and integrates body functions using hormones
- Includes glands like pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads
- Brain controls endocrine gland secretions and regulates water balance, metabolism, and body temperature
- Diseases often stem from autoimmune attacks or organ malfunction (over/under production of hormones)
Thyroid Gland
- Located ventrally in the cervical region, along the lateral margins of the trachea
- Non-palpable in healthy animals
- Produces hormones T3 and T4, which regulate metabolism
- Produces calcitonin to control free calcium in the blood
- Underactive/overactive states can cause disease
Hypothyroid Disease
- Common in dogs (especially Golden Retrievers, Labs, Dobermans, etc.)
- Primarily diagnosed in females (6-10 years of age)
- Results from dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, leading to thyroid hormone deficiency
- More than 95% of cases are due to destruction of the thyroid gland itself (primary hypothyroidism) or thyroid atrophy
- Autoimmune diseases (like lymphocytic thyroiditis) and idiopathic atrophy are common causes
- Can cause symptoms like lethargy, weight gain, altered skin/coat (alopecia), excessive shedding, loss of tail hair, sun-seeking behavior, recurrent skin infections, or anestrus
Hyperthyroid Disease
- More common in cats (middle-aged to older)
- Often caused by thyroid adenoma or carcinoma, leading to excess T3 & T4
- Common clinical signs include weight loss, polyphagia (increased appetite), occasional vomiting, increased appetite, tachycardia, and a murmur
- Diagnosis is based on increased T4 and TSH levels
- Treatment options include radioactive iodine-131 (curative)
Adrenal Glands
- Outermost zone produces mineralocorticoids (like aldosterone),
- Middle zone produces glucocorticoids (like cortisol and corticosterone),
- Inner zone produces sex steroids.
Addisons Disease (Hypoadrenocorticism)
- Lack of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, or both
- Characterized by small size, skinny appearance, and weakness
- Usually in young to middle-aged dogs (Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers, Great Danes, Poodles, etc.)
Cushing's Disease (Hyperadrenocorticism)
- Elevated cortisol levels due to various causes.
- Often in middle to older aged dogs (Poodles, especially miniature poodles)
- Can be pituitary-dependent (PDH) or adrenal-dependent (ADH).
- Characterized by pot belly, abdominal enlargement, sway back, PU/PD, polyphagia panting, muscle wasting, dermatological changes, Weakness, lethargy and Recurrent UTI's.
- Diagnosed with low and high-dose dexamethasone suppression tests
- Treatments include mitotane, trilostane, surgery, and radiotherapy.
Pancreatitis
- Inflammation of the pancreas in dogs and cats (acute or chronic, severe and necrotizing)
- Pancreatic secretions decrease, causing pancreatic enzymes to increase and damage the pancreas.
- Often associated with high-fat diets, obesity, high cholesterol, high triglycerides, trauma, and tumors.
- Clinical signs may include nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain (praying pose), and weakness.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)
- Decreased production of digestive enzymes by the pancreas, resulting in poor absorption of nutrients.
- Can have genetic component or secondary to chronic pancreatitis
- Clinical signs include weight loss, normal appetite, diarrhea, pale stools (steatorrhea), and vomiting.
- Diagnosable with serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity concentrations or assay for fecal elastase.
- Treatment often includes pancreatic enzyme replacement, cobalamin, and probiotics.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on endocrine system diseases, focusing on the pancreas and thyroid gland. Explore how hormones affect metabolism and the various diseases that can arise from dysfunction in hormone production. Perfect for students studying veterinary medicine or biology.
