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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended method for further investigating concerning thyroid nodules?
What is the recommended method for further investigating concerning thyroid nodules?
- MRI
- Palpation
- X-ray
- Ultrasonography (correct)
What is the typical nature of thyroid nodules?
What is the typical nature of thyroid nodules?
- Metastatic
- Malignant
- Carcinoma
- Benign (correct)
When should the NP further investigate thyroid nodules?
When should the NP further investigate thyroid nodules?
- For nodules that are soft and movable
- For nodules smaller than 2cm
- For nodules that are easily compressible
- For nodules that are 2cm or greater, firm & fixed to nearby tissues (correct)
Which of the following characteristics should raise concern about a thyroid nodule?
Which of the following characteristics should raise concern about a thyroid nodule?
Which eye disease can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness?
Which eye disease can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness?
Which eye disease is caused by high blood sugar levels?
Which eye disease is caused by high blood sugar levels?
Which eye disease is associated with aging?
Which eye disease is associated with aging?
Which age group should raise a suspicion of malignancy for a persistent neck mass?
Which age group should raise a suspicion of malignancy for a persistent neck mass?
What is the most likely cause of a persistent neck mass in an adult older than 40 years?
What is the most likely cause of a persistent neck mass in an adult older than 40 years?
What are the characteristics of the lymph nodes when the patient has pharyngitis?
What are the characteristics of the lymph nodes when the patient has pharyngitis?
Which one of the following commonly accompanies pharyngitis?
Which one of the following commonly accompanies pharyngitis?
According to the Snellen chart, a visual acuity of 20/80 means that
According to the Snellen chart, a visual acuity of 20/80 means that
A patient with a visual acuity of 20/200 would have
A patient with a visual acuity of 20/200 would have
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the nervous system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the nervous system?
How does hyperthyroidism affect the nervous system?
How does hyperthyroidism affect the nervous system?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the nervous system?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the nervous system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting an individual's weight?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting an individual's weight?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following symptoms is not associated with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is not associated with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms would be concerning for hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms would be concerning for hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?
How does hyperthyroidism affect the individual's ability to tolerate heat?
How does hyperthyroidism affect the individual's ability to tolerate heat?
What effect does hyperthyroidism have on the individual's sweating mechanism?
What effect does hyperthyroidism have on the individual's sweating mechanism?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the digestive system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the digestive system?
How does hyperthyroidism affect the individual's weight?
How does hyperthyroidism affect the individual's weight?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the nervous system?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the nervous system?
Which of the following is a common sign of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a common sign of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following eye signs is commonly seen in hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following eye signs is commonly seen in hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the skin?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the skin?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the hair?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the hair?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the nails?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the nails?
Which condition is Graves' disease associated with?
Which condition is Graves' disease associated with?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
How does Graves' disease affect the eyes?
How does Graves' disease affect the eyes?
Which of the following eye signs are commonly seen in Graves' disease?
Which of the following eye signs are commonly seen in Graves' disease?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism affecting the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following eye signs are commonly seen in Graves' disease?
Which of the following eye signs are commonly seen in Graves' disease?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with hyperthyroidism affecting the digestive system?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with hyperthyroidism affecting the digestive system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the skin?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the skin?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the digestive system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the digestive system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the nervous system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the nervous system?
Which thyroid condition is associated with fatigue and lethargy?
Which thyroid condition is associated with fatigue and lethargy?
What are common symptoms of hypothyroidism?
What are common symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Which condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's weight?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's weight?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the individual's weight?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the individual's weight?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
How does hypothyroidism affect an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
How does hypothyroidism affect an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with hypothyroidism?
What are some common symptoms of hypothyroidism affecting the nervous system?
What are some common symptoms of hypothyroidism affecting the nervous system?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly seen in patients with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly seen in patients with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with hypothyroidism?
Which condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which thyroid condition is commonly associated with cold intolerance?
Which thyroid condition is commonly associated with cold intolerance?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
Which thyroid condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which thyroid condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which of the following thyroid conditions is associated with increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressures?
Which of the following thyroid conditions is associated with increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressures?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with hyperthyroidism?
Which condition is a rare endocrine emergency associated with high mortality?
Which condition is a rare endocrine emergency associated with high mortality?
What is the most common underlying condition associated with thyroid storm?
What is the most common underlying condition associated with thyroid storm?
What is the mortality rate associated with thyroid storm?
What is the mortality rate associated with thyroid storm?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the skin?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the skin?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the nervous system?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the nervous system?
What is the effect of hypothyroidism on blood pressure?
What is the effect of hypothyroidism on blood pressure?
Which thyroid condition is commonly associated with impaired memory, mixed hearing loss, somnolence, peripheral neuropathy, and carpal tunnel syndrome?
Which thyroid condition is commonly associated with impaired memory, mixed hearing loss, somnolence, peripheral neuropathy, and carpal tunnel syndrome?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the nervous system?
What is a possible effect of hyperthyroidism on the nervous system?
Which thyroid condition is commonly associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?
Which thyroid condition is commonly associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?
What area of the body is the supra-clavicular node located?
What area of the body is the supra-clavicular node located?
Which of the following is a possible cause of an enlarged supra-clavicular node on the left side (Virchow's Node)?
Which of the following is a possible cause of an enlarged supra-clavicular node on the left side (Virchow's Node)?
What does an enlarged supra-clavicular node on the left side (Virchow's Node) suggest?
What does an enlarged supra-clavicular node on the left side (Virchow's Node) suggest?
What does the presence of tender nodes indicate?
What does the presence of tender nodes indicate?
What is the significance of hard or fixed nodes on palpation?
What is the significance of hard or fixed nodes on palpation?
True or false: When assessing shortness of breath, it is important to listen over the trachea for stridor for upper airway etiologies in addition to examining the lungs.
True or false: When assessing shortness of breath, it is important to listen over the trachea for stridor for upper airway etiologies in addition to examining the lungs.
True or false: An ominous, high-pitched musical sound from severe sub-glottic or tracheal obstruction signals a respiratory emergency?
True or false: An ominous, high-pitched musical sound from severe sub-glottic or tracheal obstruction signals a respiratory emergency?
Which of the following is a possible cause of stridor?
Which of the following is a possible cause of stridor?
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of stridor?
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of stridor?
Which one of these is the medical term for an ominous, high-pitched musical sound from severe subglottic or tracheal obstruction that signals a respiratory emergency?
Which one of these is the medical term for an ominous, high-pitched musical sound from severe subglottic or tracheal obstruction that signals a respiratory emergency?
What is the cause of stridor?
What is the cause of stridor?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
What is the main symptom of Graves' disease?
What is the medical term for excessive facial hair?
What is the medical term for excessive facial hair?
Which condition may cause hirsutism in some women?
Which condition may cause hirsutism in some women?
Which of the following conditions may cause tracheal deviation to one side?
Which of the following conditions may cause tracheal deviation to one side?
What is one possible cause of tracheal deviation to one side?
What is one possible cause of tracheal deviation to one side?
Which of the following is a possible cause of goiter?
Which of the following is a possible cause of goiter?
What is the medical term for an enlarged thyroid gland?
What is the medical term for an enlarged thyroid gland?
What is the typical size of a goiter compared to the normal size of the thyroid gland?
What is the typical size of a goiter compared to the normal size of the thyroid gland?
Which condition is characterized by a soft thyroid and possible nodules?
Which condition is characterized by a soft thyroid and possible nodules?
What is the typical texture of the thyroid in Graves disease?
What is the typical texture of the thyroid in Graves disease?
What is a possible characteristic of the thyroid in Graves disease?
What is a possible characteristic of the thyroid in Graves disease?
Which condition is characterized by the thyroid being firm in Hashimoto thyroiditis?
Which condition is characterized by the thyroid being firm in Hashimoto thyroiditis?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the skin?
Which of the following is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting the skin?
Which of the following conditions may cause a localized systolic or continuous bruit to be heard?
Which of the following conditions may cause a localized systolic or continuous bruit to be heard?
What is the most common cause of a localized systolic or continuous bruit in hyperthyroidism?
What is the most common cause of a localized systolic or continuous bruit in hyperthyroidism?
Which imaging modality is recommended for evaluating palpable solitary nodules?
Which imaging modality is recommended for evaluating palpable solitary nodules?
What is the purpose of fine-needle aspiration for palpable solitary nodules?
What is the purpose of fine-needle aspiration for palpable solitary nodules?
Jugular venous distention is a common symptom of heart failure.
Jugular venous distention is a common symptom of heart failure.
Jugular venous distention is a hallmark of heart failure.
Jugular venous distention is a hallmark of heart failure.
True or false: Cushing syndrome is caused by increased adrenal cortisol production?
True or false: Cushing syndrome is caused by increased adrenal cortisol production?
True or false: Cushing syndrome produces a round or “moon” face with red cheeks & excessive hair growth.
True or false: Cushing syndrome produces a round or “moon” face with red cheeks & excessive hair growth.
True or false: Cushing syndrome is caused by increased adrenal cortisol production?
True or false: Cushing syndrome is caused by increased adrenal cortisol production?
True or false: Cushing syndrome is associated with excessive hair growth.
True or false: Cushing syndrome is associated with excessive hair growth.
Which of the following is a common symptom of Cushing syndrome?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Cushing syndrome?
What physical characteristic is associated with Cushing syndrome?
What physical characteristic is associated with Cushing syndrome?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Cushing syndrome?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Cushing syndrome?
What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?
What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?
Which physical characteristic is commonly associated with Cushing syndrome?
Which physical characteristic is commonly associated with Cushing syndrome?
Which of the following is a characteristic of myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a characteristic of myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a common symptom associated with myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a common sign of myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a common sign of myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
Which of the following conditions is associated with myxedema?
Which of the following conditions is associated with myxedema?
What is the main symptom of myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
What is the main symptom of myxedema in severe hypothyroidism?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acromegaly?
Which of the following is a characteristic of acromegaly?
What causes the enlargement of bone and soft tissues in acromegaly?
What causes the enlargement of bone and soft tissues in acromegaly?
How do the facial features appear in acromegaly?
How do the facial features appear in acromegaly?
Which of the following is the main cause of acromegaly?
Which of the following is the main cause of acromegaly?
What is the primary symptom of acromegaly?
What is the primary symptom of acromegaly?
What is the underlying mechanism of acromegaly?
What is the underlying mechanism of acromegaly?
Which of the following is a common symptom of the neurodegenerative disorder linked to loss of dopamine?
Which of the following is a common symptom of the neurodegenerative disorder linked to loss of dopamine?
What is the effect of this neurodegenerative disorder on the neck and upper trunk?
What is the effect of this neurodegenerative disorder on the neck and upper trunk?
How does the facial skin change in Parkinson's disease ?
How does the facial skin change in Parkinson's disease ?
Which neurotransmitter is affected by the neurodegenerative disorder linked to the loss of dopamine?
Which neurotransmitter is affected by the neurodegenerative disorder linked to the loss of dopamine?
What is the main symptom of Parkinson's Disease? ______ especially at rest
What is the main symptom of Parkinson's Disease? ______ especially at rest
What is the effect of Parkinson's Disease on the motor system?
What is the effect of Parkinson's Disease on the motor system?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's Disease?
Which of the following symptoms is commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's Disease?
What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?
What is the main cause of Cushing syndrome?
What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism affecting an individual's ability to tolerate cold?
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Study Notes
Thyroid Nodules
- Further investigation of concerning thyroid nodules is recommended
- Typical nature of thyroid nodules is solid, and they may be malignant or benign
- NP should further investigate thyroid nodules if they are suspicious or have characteristics that raise concern
- Characteristics that raise concern about a thyroid nodule include:
- Firmness
- Irregular shape
- Size > 1 cm
- Rapid growth
- Presence of lymph nodes
Eye Diseases
- Grave's disease can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness
- Diabetic retinopathy is caused by high blood sugar levels
- Age-related macular degeneration is associated with aging
Neck Mass
- A persistent neck mass in an adult older than 40 years should raise suspicion of malignancy
- Most likely cause of a persistent neck mass in an adult older than 40 years is malignancy
Pharyngitis
- Lymph nodes in pharyngitis are typically tender and enlarged
- Sore throat is a common symptom that accompanies pharyngitis
Visual Acuity
- A visual acuity of 20/80 means that the individual can see at 20 feet what a normal person can see at 80 feet
- A patient with a visual acuity of 20/200 would have a significant vision impairment
Hyperthyroidism
- Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- Weight loss
- Nervousness
- Heat intolerance
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Hair loss
- Skin changes
- Nausea and vomiting
- Hyperthyroidism can affect the nervous system, causing:
- Nervousness
- Anxiety
- Fatigue
- Insomnia
- Hyperthyroidism can affect the cardiovascular system, causing:
- Palpitations
- Tachycardia
- Increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressures
- Hyperthyroidism can affect the digestive system, causing:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Hyperthyroidism can affect the skin, causing:
- Hair loss
- Skin changes
- Hyperthyroidism can affect the weight, causing:
- Weight loss
Graves' Disease
- Graves' disease is associated with:
- Hyperthyroidism
- Exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
- Thyroid nodules
- Main symptom of Graves' disease is:
- Exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
- Graves' disease can affect the eyes, causing:
- Exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
- Diplopia (double vision)
- Vision loss
Hypothyroidism
- Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
- Fatigue
- Lethargy
- Weight gain
- Cold intolerance
- Dry skin
- Hair loss
- Constipation
- Hypothyroidism can affect the nervous system, causing:
- Fatigue
- Lethargy
- Memory impairment
- Depression
- Hypothyroidism can affect the cardiovascular system, causing:
- Decreased heart rate
- Increased diastolic blood pressure
- Hypothyroidism can affect the digestive system, causing:
- Constipation
- Weight gain
- Hypothyroidism can affect the skin, causing:
- Dry skin
- Hair loss
- Hypothyroidism can affect the weight, causing:
- Weight gain
Thyroid Storm
- Thyroid storm is a rare endocrine emergency associated with high mortality
- Most common underlying condition associated with thyroid storm is:
- Graves' disease
- Mortality rate associated with thyroid storm is:
- High (up to 20-30%)
Other Conditions
- Thyroid condition associated with impaired memory, mixed hearing loss, somnolence, peripheral neuropathy, and carpal tunnel syndrome is:
- Hypothyroidism
- Thyroid condition associated with carpal tunnel syndrome is:
- Hypothyroidism
- Supra-clavicular node is located in the:
- Neck
- Enlarged supra-clavicular node on the left side (Virchow's Node) suggests:
- Metastatic cancer
- Presence of tender nodes indicates:
- Infection or inflammation
- Hard or fixed nodes on palpation suggest:
- Malignancy
- Stridor is a possible symptom of:
- Upper airway obstruction
- Respiratory emergency
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