Endocrine System Vocabulary Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does 'suprarenal' refer to?

  • Pertaining to the bladder
  • Pertaining to the kidneys
  • Pertaining to the adrenal glands (correct)
  • Pertaining to the ureters

What are the adrenal glands?

Endocrine glands on the superior pole of each kidney.

What is the function of the endocrine system?

  • Filtration of blood
  • Digestion of food
  • Chemical communication via hormones (correct)
  • Physical movement of muscles

Where are the kidneys located?

<p>At the posterior abdominal wall at the level of T12 to L3 vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hilus of the kidney?

<p>A slit on the medial surface that receives nerves and vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the renal cortex refer to?

<p>The outer bark of the kidney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal medulla?

<p>It is the inner layer of the kidney divided into renal pyramids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are renal pyramids?

<p>Conical divisions of the renal medulla that extend into the minor calyx.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calyces in the kidney?

<p>To collect urine from renal pyramids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal pelvis?

<p>A funnel-like tube that arises from the major calyces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the renal artery supply?

<p>The kidney with 'dirty' blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the afferent arteriole?

<p>The smallest renal artery that carries 'dirty' blood to the glomerulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the glomerulus?

<p>It is a spheroidal mass of capillaries supplied with 'dirty' blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is filtration in the kidney?

<p>The function that creates a plasma-like filtrate of the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during reabsorption in the kidneys?

<p>Useful substances like glucose are returned to the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is secretion in kidney function?

<p>The removal of wastes from the blood added to the tubular fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the efferent arteriole?

<p>It drains the glomerulus and leads to peritubular capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are peritubular capillaries?

<p>A network around the tubules of the nephron formed from the efferent arteriole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the renal vein do?

<p>It receives 'clean' blood from the peritubular capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nephron?

<p>The unit of the kidney that filters blood and produces urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Bowman's capsule?

<p>Part of the glomerular capsule that collects filtrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?

<p>It functions in tubular reabsorption and secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

<p>Water absorption using ADH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Loop of Henle?

<p>A U-shaped portion of the renal tubule that maintains osmolarity gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are collecting tubules?

<p>Straight tubules that arise from the distal convoluted tubule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ureters?

<p>Muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bladder?

<p>To hold urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trigone?

<p>A smooth area on the bladder's floor, defined by urethra and ureters openings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the destrusor?

<p>The muscular layer of the bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the urethra?

<p>A tube that conveys urine out of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does micturition refer to?

<p>Urination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Suprarenal

  • Relates to the adrenal glands located atop each kidney.

Adrenal Glands

  • Endocrine structures that comprise outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla.

Endocrine System

  • A network for internal hormone communication, functioning without ducts; hormones released directly into bloodstream.

Kidneys

  • Compound tubular glands containing nephrons, located along the posterior abdomen (T12 to L3) and shielded by ribs 11 and 12.
  • Functions include blood filtration, urine production, and erythropoietin synthesis.

Hilus of Kidney

  • A slit on the kidney's medial surface for the entry of renal nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, and ureter.

Renal Cortex

  • The outer layer of the kidney, creating extensions that split the medulla into pyramids.

Renal Medulla

  • Inner kidney layer characterized by structural divisions known as renal pyramids.

Renal Pyramids

  • Conical sections of the renal medulla that connect to the minor calyx.

Calyces

  • Minor calyces at the tips of renal pyramids collect urine; major calyces are fused minor calyces creating the renal pelvis.

Renal Pelvis

  • Funnel-shaped structure formed from major calyces, serving as the conduit to the ureter.

Renal Artery

  • Artery supplying the kidney with deoxygenated blood, branching into smaller vessels leading to the afferent arterioles.

Afferent Arteriole

  • Smallest renal artery channeling "dirty" blood into each nephron, leading to the glomerulus.

Glomerulus

  • A ball-shaped cluster of capillaries receiving blood from afferent arterioles and draining into efferent arterioles.

Filtration

  • Kidney function producing plasma-like filtrate; allows water and small particles to escape the bloodstream while retaining blood cells and proteins.

Reabsorption

  • Process in kidneys reclaiming valuable substances like glucose from tubular fluid back into the blood.

Secretion

  • Mechanism in kidneys where waste components are transferred from blood to tubular fluid.

Efferent Arteriole

  • Arteriole draining the glomerulus, leading to peritubular capillaries.

Peritubular Capillaries

  • Extensions from the efferent arterioles forming a network around nephron tubules, responsible for reabsorption of fluids and solutes. Vasa recta are specialized versions found in renal medulla.

Renal Vein

  • Vein collecting purified blood from peritubular capillaries, running parallel to corresponding arteries.

Nephron

  • Functional unit of the kidney consisting of the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule; approximately 1.2 million per kidney.

Bowman's Capsule

  • Structure encasing the glomerulus, collecting filtrate for the proximal convoluted tubule.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

  • Segment of renal tubule responsible for reabsorption and secretion, originating from the glomerular capsule.

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

  • Section of renal tubule located in the renal cortex, responsible for water absorption influenced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Loop of Henle

  • U-shaped section of the renal tubule primarily in the medulla, maintaining osmolarity gradient.

Collecting Tubules

  • Straight tubules branching from the DCT that descend into the medulla, part of the renal tubule framework.

Ureters

  • Muscular tubes transporting urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder, entering bladder from its base.

Bladder

  • Muscular sac positioned in the pelvic cavity, functioning as the temporary urine storage organ.

Trigone

  • A smooth triangular area in the bladder’s floor defined by urethra and ureters; a common site for infections.

Detrusor

  • Muscular layer of the bladder composed of three indistinct smooth muscle layers.

Urethra

  • Tube facilitating the exit of urine from the bladder to the external environment.

Micturition

  • Medical term for the act of urination.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms related to the endocrine system, specifically focusing on adrenal glands and their functions. This quiz will enhance your understanding of how hormones are communicated in the body.

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