Endocrine System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic differentiates endocrine glands from exocrine glands?

  • Endocrine glands have a presence of ducts.
  • Endocrine glands primarily secrete mucous or serous substances.
  • Endocrine glands secret hormones directly into the bloodstream. (correct)
  • Endocrine glands are typically larger than exocrine glands.

Which of the following glands is classified as an endocrine gland?

  • Gastric gland
  • Salivary gland
  • Sweat gland
  • Pituitary gland (correct)

What is a primary function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

  • Storage of hormones produced by the adrenal glands.
  • Regulation of hormone secretion from the pituitary gland. (correct)
  • Secretion of hormones directly into the digestive tract.
  • Production of insulin in the pancreas.

Which gland has the following gross anatomical feature of weighing approximately 0.5 g in men?

<p>Pituitary gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is primarily associated with the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

<p>Parathyroid gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are primarily responsible for the blood supply to the pituitary gland?

<p>Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the melatonin synthesized by the pineal gland?

<p>Induces sleep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pancreas located in relation to the stomach?

<p>Posterior to the stomach and peritoneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland primarily receives blood from which of the following?

<p>Hypothalamic veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the pineal gland to the brain?

<p>Pineal stalk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inadvertently removing the parathyroid glands during neck surgery?

<p>Tetany and decreased serum calcium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the anatomical position of the suprarenal glands?

<p>They lie on the upper poles of the kidneys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the suprarenal glands?

<p>Superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary venous drainage pathway for the right suprarenal gland?

<p>Drains into the inferior vena cava (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves provide innervation to the suprarenal glands?

<p>Celiac plexus and greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain the upper pole of the thyroid gland?

<p>Superior thyroid veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the inferior thyroid veins primarily drain? (review)

<p>Brachiocephalic veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the superior parathyroid glands? (review)

<p>They are more constant in their location. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What arteries are primarily responsible for supplying the parathyroid glands? (review)

<p>Branches of the inferior thyroid artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the innervation supplied to the parathyroid glands?

<p>Detect stretch sensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence describes the correct drainage pathway of the parathyroid glands?

<p>Superior thyroid veins → Internal jugular vein (B), Inferior thyroid veins → Brachiocephalic veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily lies between the parathyroid glands and the thyroid gland? (review)

<p>Pretracheal fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the inferior parathyroid glands' position?

<p>They always lie superior to the inferior thyroid artery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of glucagon produced by the pancreas?

<p>Raises blood sugar levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

<p>Isthmus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon?

<p>Delta cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the true capsule of the thyroid gland represent? (review)

<p>Thickening of connective tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically ascends from the isthmus of the thyroid gland?

<p>Pyramidal lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is associated with the external laryngeal nerve supply to the thyroid gland?

<p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pancreatic islet hormone insulin produced?

<p>Beta cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the upper pole of the thyroid gland?

<p>Superior thyroid artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pituitary gland located?

<p>In the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the pituitary gland produces seven hormones?

<p>Anterior lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

<p>Infundibulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

<p>ADH and Oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the anterior pituitary surrounds the infundibulum?

<p>Pars tuberalis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the contents of the cavernous sinus from the pituitary gland?

<p>Dura mater (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily makes up the bulk of the posterior pituitary?

<p>Pars nervosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is located inferiorly to the pituitary gland?

<p>Sphenoid bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pancreas function

The pancreas has two main roles, performed by different cell groups: exocrine and endocrine.

Superior Thyroid Veins

Drain the upper part of the thyroid gland to the internal jugular vein.

Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas

These are the two distinct cell groups in the pancreas responsible for different bodily functions.

Middle Thyroid Veins

Drain the lateral side of the thyroid gland to the internal jugular vein.

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Inferior Thyroid Veins

Drain the lower part of the thyroid, often multiple, into the brachiocephalic veins.

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Pancreatic Islets

Clusters of cells within the pancreas that secrete hormones.

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Glucagon (alpha cells)

A hormone that raises blood sugar levels.

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Parathyroid Location

Posterior to the thyroid, embedded in the thyroid's capsule, within pretracheal fascia.

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Insulin (beta cells)

A hormone that lowers blood sugar levels.

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Superior Parathyroid Artery

Constant location usually superior to the inferior thyroid artery; dorsal to the recurrent laryngeal nerve .

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Somatostatin (delta cells)

A hormone that inhibits both glucagon and insulin release.

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Inferior Parathyroid Artery

May be located within or outside the thyroid capsule, relative to artery.

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Parathyroid Blood Supply

Supplied by branches of the inferior thyroid artery ; sometimes by superior, thyroid ima, laryngeal, tracheal, or oesophageal arteries.

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Thyroid Gland Location

The largest endocrine gland, located in front of the trachea, with two lobes connected by an isthmus.

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Thyroid Gland Blood Supply

The thyroid gland receives blood from the superior and inferior thyroid arteries.

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Parathyroid Venous Drainage

Drain into the thyroid venous plexus.

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Exocrine Gland

A gland that secretes substances through a duct, not directly into the bloodstream.

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Endocrine Gland

A gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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Pituitary Gland

A small endocrine gland that produces hormones controlling other glands and bodily functions.

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Hypothalamus

Part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and other endocrine functions.

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Pineal Gland

Endocrine gland that produces melatonin, affecting sleep-wake cycles.

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Pituitary Blood Supply

The pituitary gland receives blood from superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries, branches of the internal carotid artery. Veins drain into the cavernous sinuses.

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Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal Portal System

A special system of veins connecting the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary, carrying blood from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary lobe.

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Pineal Gland Location

A small gland in the brain's midline, located below the posterior end of the corpus callosum, an outgrowth of the 3rd ventricle roof.

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Pancreas Position

The pancreas is located across the upper abdomen, extending from the inside of the C-shape of the duodenum to the spleen.

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Pineal Gland Function

Produces melatonin, a hormone influenced by darkness.

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Pituitary Gland Location

Located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, below the hypothalamus.

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Pituitary Gland Connections

Connected to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum.

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Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

Produces and secretes 7 hormones.

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Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

Secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus (ADH and Oxytocin).

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Pituitary Gland Relations

Surrounded by cavernous sinus, optic chiasma, internal carotid artery, sphenoid bone, and sphenoid air sinus.

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Pars Distalis

Largest section of the anterior pituitary.

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Pars Nervosa

The main part of the posterior pituitary.

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Infundibulum

The stalk connecting the pituitary to the hypothalamus.

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Parathyroid Glands Removal

Accidental removal of parathyroid glands during neck surgery can lead to tetany (muscle spasms) due to low calcium levels.

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Suprarenal Gland Location

Paired, yellowish glands located above the kidneys, with an outer cortex and inner medulla.

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Suprarenal Blood Supply

The suprarenal glands receive blood from superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries originating from different major arteries.

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Suprarenal Venous Drainage

Suprarenal veins drain into either the renal vein (left) or inferior vena cava (right).

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Suprarenal Lymphatic Drainage

Suprarenal glands' lymphatic drainage goes to lateral lumbar nodes.

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Related Documents

L35- Endocrine System PDF

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