Endocrine System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic differentiates endocrine glands from exocrine glands?

  • Endocrine glands have a presence of ducts.
  • Endocrine glands primarily secrete mucous or serous substances.
  • Endocrine glands secret hormones directly into the bloodstream. (correct)
  • Endocrine glands are typically larger than exocrine glands.
  • Which of the following glands is classified as an endocrine gland?

  • Gastric gland
  • Salivary gland
  • Sweat gland
  • Pituitary gland (correct)
  • What is a primary function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

  • Storage of hormones produced by the adrenal glands.
  • Regulation of hormone secretion from the pituitary gland. (correct)
  • Secretion of hormones directly into the digestive tract.
  • Production of insulin in the pancreas.
  • Which gland has the following gross anatomical feature of weighing approximately 0.5 g in men?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is primarily associated with the secretion of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>Parathyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries are primarily responsible for the blood supply to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the melatonin synthesized by the pineal gland?

    <p>Induces sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pancreas located in relation to the stomach?

    <p>Posterior to the stomach and peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland primarily receives blood from which of the following?

    <p>Hypothalamic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the pineal gland to the brain?

    <p>Pineal stalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inadvertently removing the parathyroid glands during neck surgery?

    <p>Tetany and decreased serum calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the anatomical position of the suprarenal glands?

    <p>They lie on the upper poles of the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply the suprarenal glands?

    <p>Superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary venous drainage pathway for the right suprarenal gland?

    <p>Drains into the inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves provide innervation to the suprarenal glands?

    <p>Celiac plexus and greater thoracic splanchnic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins drain the upper pole of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Superior thyroid veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the inferior thyroid veins primarily drain? (review)

    <p>Brachiocephalic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the superior parathyroid glands? (review)

    <p>They are more constant in their location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What arteries are primarily responsible for supplying the parathyroid glands? (review)

    <p>Branches of the inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the innervation supplied to the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Detect stretch sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence describes the correct drainage pathway of the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Superior thyroid veins → Internal jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure primarily lies between the parathyroid glands and the thyroid gland? (review)

    <p>Pretracheal fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the inferior parathyroid glands' position?

    <p>They always lie superior to the inferior thyroid artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucagon produced by the pancreas?

    <p>Raises blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon?

    <p>Delta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the true capsule of the thyroid gland represent? (review)

    <p>Thickening of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically ascends from the isthmus of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Pyramidal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is associated with the external laryngeal nerve supply to the thyroid gland?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pancreatic islet hormone insulin produced?

    <p>Beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the upper pole of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Superior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pituitary gland located?

    <p>In the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the pituitary gland produces seven hormones?

    <p>Anterior lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

    <p>ADH and Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the anterior pituitary surrounds the infundibulum?

    <p>Pars tuberalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates the contents of the cavernous sinus from the pituitary gland?

    <p>Dura mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily makes up the bulk of the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Pars nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is located inferiorly to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Sphenoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

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