Endocrine System Quiz

A type of neuron that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

A type of neuron found within the central nervous system that connects other neurons. They play a role in processing and relaying information between different parts of the brain and spinal cord.

A type of neuron that carries signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, causing them to contract or secrete.

A specialized cell that detects stimuli (light, sound, touch, etc.) and converts them into electrical signals that can be transmitted by neurons.

The light-sensitive cells in the eye responsible for color vision. They are concentrated in the fovea, the central area of the retina.

The light-sensitive cells in the eye responsible for vision in low-light conditions. They are more numerous than cones and are found throughout the retina.

The middle ear bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

The fluid-filled, coiled tube in the inner ear that converts sound vibrations into signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve.

A type of reproduction where females produce offspring from unfertilized eggs that have undergone chromosome doubling after meiosis.

A procedure used to obtain cells from an embryo to create a karyotype, which can be used to identify chromosomal abnormalities like autosomal trisomies.

A condition in which a person has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two.

A karyotype that shows three copies of chromosome 13.

A karyotype that shows three copies of chromosome 18.

The homologous portions of human X and Y chromosomes are most important in the process.

The stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material.

The process of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

The process of making proteins in cells, it involves the creation of mRNA from DNA, followed by the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein.

A type of RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where it acts as a template for protein synthesis.

The process of copying genetic information from DNA onto mRNA.

The process of translating mRNA into a sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to an increase in blood volume and a decrease in urine output.

A type of RNA molecule that brings specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, based on the codon sequence in mRNA.

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Cortisol is a stress hormone that is released from the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in regulating many bodily functions, including blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and immune function.

The process of changing a DNA sequence by altering a nucleotide base, leading to a variation in the genetic code.

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) regulates the production and secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex.

The process of selecting organisms with desired traits for breeding, leading to a higher frequency of those traits in future generations.

The pituitary gland is a small but powerful gland located at the base of the brain. It releases several important hormones that control various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The adrenal glands are located on top of your kidneys. They produce hormones that help regulate stress, metabolism, and blood pressure.

Thyroid hormone (T4) is a crucial hormone involved in regulating your metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and growth development.

TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) is released by the pituitary gland and stimulates the production and release of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

Diuretics are substances that increase the amount of urine produced by the kidneys, ultimately leading to a decrease in blood volume.

The rate at which a population changes over time, expressed as a proportion of the initial population size.

A type of symbiotic relationship where both species benefit from the interaction.

A type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped.

A type of competition where different species compete for the same resources, such as food, water, or shelter.

A type of symbiotic relationship where one species benefits by consuming another species.

The number of individuals per unit area or volume.

The process by which a population becomes smaller over time.

A population that is at risk of extinction.

The process by which an ecosystem recovers from a disturbance, such as a fire or logging, and gradually returns to its original state.

A type of ecological succession that occurs in a previously barren area where no soil or life existed. It begins with the colonization of bare rock by pioneer species.

A stable, mature community that has reached a balance with its environment through a long period of succession. It is characterized by a diverse array of species and a complex web of interactions.

The effects of dragging fishing nets along the seafloor, damaging the marine ecosystem and potentially decimating fish populations.

A type of genetically modified fish capable of rapid growth, often raised in fish cages. Concerns exist regarding escape and potential negative impact on wild populations.

The process by which organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring. This process drives evolution.

A type of organism that is the first to colonize a bare or disturbed area, often tolerant of harsh conditions. These organisms play a crucial role in primary succession.

The release of genetically modified organisms into the wild, potentially leading to negative effects on the environment or native ecosystems.