40 Questions
Which hormone works with FSH to cause maturation of the ovarian follicle?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What stimulates the release of prolactin (PRL) in females?
Hypothalamic prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
What hormone stimulates smooth muscle contraction in breasts and uterus?
Oxytocin
What does LH promote synthesis and release of in females?
Estrogens and progesterone
What does Prolactin (PRL) stimulate in females?
Milk production by the breasts
What is the function of ADH?
Influences water balance
What is the function of FSH in males?
Stimulates sperm production
What stimulates the release of oxytocin?
Suckling
Which gland has a neurohypophysis and an adenohypophysis?
Pituitary
What regulates the release of growth hormone?
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
What are the two mechanisms of hormone action?
Second messengers and direct gene activation
What stimulates the ovaries and testes function?
Gonadotropins
Which glands are involved in removing hormones from the blood?
Kidneys and liver
What triggers normal thyroid development and secretory activity?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
True or false: LH works alone to trigger ovulation (expulsion of the egg from the follicle)
True
True or false: Prolactin (PRL) is inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
True
True or false: Oxytocin influences water balance in the body
False
True or false: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the posterior pituitary
False
True or false: In males, LH stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone
False
True or false: Hormones can act through second messengers involving regulatory G proteins or direct gene activation involving steroid hormones.
True
True or false: Hormones are classified as amino acid-based or steroid-based, each with general mechanisms of action.
False
True or false: Hormone action on target cells depends only on the blood hormone level.
False
True or false: The pituitary gland has a neurohypophysis and an adenohypophysis, which secrete hormones regulated by the hypothalamus.
True
True or false: Thyroid-stimulating hormone triggers normal thyroid development and secretory activity, while adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal medulla to release corticosteroids.
False
What are the functions of gonadotropins in females and males?
In females, LH works with FSH to cause maturation of the ovarian follicle, triggers ovulation, and promotes synthesis and release of estrogens and progesterone. In males, LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone and is also referred to as interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH).
What is the function of Prolactin (PRL) in females and how is it regulated?
In females, Prolactin (PRL) stimulates milk production by the breasts and is regulated by the hypothalamic prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH). Blood levels rise toward the end of pregnancy, and suckling stimulates PRH release and encourages continued milk production.
What hormones are synthesized and stored in the posterior pituitary, and what are their functions?
The posterior pituitary synthesizes and stores antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. ADH influences water balance, while oxytocin stimulates smooth muscle contraction in the breasts and uterus.
Describe the functions of LH in females and males.
In females, LH works with FSH to cause maturation of the ovarian follicle, triggers ovulation, and promotes synthesis and release of estrogens and progesterone. In males, LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone and is also referred to as interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH).
Explain the role of prolactin (PRL) in milk production and its regulation in females.
Prolactin (PRL) stimulates milk production by the breasts and is regulated by the hypothalamic prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH). Blood levels rise toward the end of pregnancy, and suckling stimulates PRH release and encourages continued milk production.
FSH works with ______ to cause maturation of the ovarian follicle
LH
LH promotes synthesis and release of ______ and progesterone
estrogens
LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce ______
testosterone
Prolactin (PRL) in females, stimulates ______ production by the breasts
milk
Oxytocin stimulates smooth muscle contraction in ______ and uterus
breasts
Match the following hormones with their functions in females:
LH = Triggers ovulation Prolactin (PRL) = Stimulates milk production ADH = Influences water balance Oxytocin = Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in breasts and uterus
Match the following hormones with their functions in males:
LH = Stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone Prolactin (PRL) = Not applicable ADH = Influences water balance Oxytocin = Not applicable
Match the following hormones with their regulatory factors:
Prolactin (PRL) = Triggered by the hypothalamic prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) ADH = Not applicable Oxytocin = Suckling stimulates PRH release and encourages continued milk production LH = Not applicable
Match the following hormones with their synthesis and storage location:
Prolactin (PRL) = Made in the anterior pituitary, stored in the posterior pituitary ADH = Synthesized in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary Oxytocin = Synthesized in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary LH = Made in the anterior pituitary, stored in the posterior pituitary
Match the following hormones with their primary functions:
Prolactin (PRL) = Stimulates milk production by the breasts ADH = Influences water balance Oxytocin = Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in breasts and uterus LH = Promotes synthesis and release of estrogens and progesterone
Study Notes
Endocrine System Overview
- The endocrine system regulates metabolic activities through hormones, which have a lag time and prolonged effects.
- Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus, hypothalamus, pancreas, and gonads.
- Hormones produce cellular changes by altering membrane permeability, stimulating protein synthesis, activating enzymes, inducing secretory activity, and stimulating mitosis.
- Hormones can act through second messengers involving regulatory G proteins or direct gene activation involving steroid hormones.
- Hormones are classified as amino acid-based or steroid-based, each with specific mechanisms of action.
- Hormone action on target cells depends on the blood hormone level, receptor count, and bond strength between hormone and receptor.
- Hormone release is controlled by humoral, neural, and hormonal stimuli, and hormones are removed from the blood by degrading enzymes, kidneys, liver, and the pituitary.
- The pituitary gland has a neurohypophysis and an adenohypophysis, which secrete hormones regulated by the hypothalamus.
- The adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin.
- Growth hormone promotes protein synthesis and is regulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone triggers normal thyroid development and secretory activity, while adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids.
- Gonadotropins regulate the function of the ovaries and testes and are triggered by the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Endocrine System Overview
- The endocrine system regulates metabolic activities through hormones, which have a lag time and prolonged effects.
- Major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus, hypothalamus, pancreas, and gonads.
- Hormones produce cellular changes by altering membrane permeability, stimulating protein synthesis, activating enzymes, inducing secretory activity, and stimulating mitosis.
- Hormones can act through second messengers involving regulatory G proteins or direct gene activation involving steroid hormones.
- Hormones are classified as amino acid-based or steroid-based, each with specific mechanisms of action.
- Hormone action on target cells depends on the blood hormone level, receptor count, and bond strength between hormone and receptor.
- Hormone release is controlled by humoral, neural, and hormonal stimuli, and hormones are removed from the blood by degrading enzymes, kidneys, liver, and the pituitary.
- The pituitary gland has a neurohypophysis and an adenohypophysis, which secrete hormones regulated by the hypothalamus.
- The adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin.
- Growth hormone promotes protein synthesis and is regulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone.
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone triggers normal thyroid development and secretory activity, while adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids.
- Gonadotropins regulate the function of the ovaries and testes and are triggered by the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system with this comprehensive overview quiz. Explore the functions of major endocrine glands, hormone classification, mechanisms of action, and hormone regulation. Dive into the intricacies of hormone release, pituitary gland functions, and the roles of specific hormones in the body.
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