Endocrine System Quiz

<p>To regulate the body's internal environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nervous system reacts quickly, the endocrine system reacts slowly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system is better at adapting to long-term stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endocrine system has widespread effects, the nervous system has targeted effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotransmitters affect the endocrine system, and hormones affect the nervous system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both systems have specialized cells called neuroendocrine cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melatonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adrenal medulla is dependent on the cortex for its function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypophysial portal system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating electrolyte balance, especially sodium and potassium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adipose tissue; slows appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates milk production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth hormone: promotes growth and development, especially during childhood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepcidin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a process where the body uses fatty acids as fuel, conserving glucose for the brain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymosin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is connected to the hypothalamus by a network of blood vessels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secrete hormones that regulate digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing hormones that travel through the hypophysial portal system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits the release of growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the release of milk from the mammary glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroid hormones are released as fast as they are synthesized by diffusion through the cell surface. (B), Steroid hormone secretion can be significantly increased by the presence of peptide hormones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melatonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport proteins protect hormones from degradation by enzymes and filtration by the kidneys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH and testosterone working together to stimulate sperm production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of the immune system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol promotes the breakdown of fat and protein to provide alternate fuels for metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eicosanoids act as both paracrines and autocrines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rising blood glucose levels stimulating the release of insulin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptide hormones bind to surface receptors and activate intracellular processes through second messengers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid hormone in individuals with hypothyroidism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short stature in children. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 2 diabetes is typically treated with weight loss, exercise, and insulin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss due to increased metabolism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol suppresses the immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones.

Chemical messengers transported in the bloodstream to stimulate responses in distant cells.

Chemicals released from neurons to transmit signals across synapses.

Exocrine glands have ducts for external secretions, whereas endocrine glands do not and release hormones internally.

Gap junctions, neurotransmitters, paracrines, and hormones are key methods of cell signaling.

Nervous system reacts quickly in milliseconds, endocrine system reacts slowly over seconds or days.

Nervous system adapts quickly to long-term stimuli; endocrine system adapts slowly.

Nervous system has targeted effects on one organ; endocrine system has general effects on many organs.

Norepinephrine, dopamine, and antidiuretic hormone act as both hormones and neurotransmitters.

Organs or cells with receptors for a hormone that can respond to it, some can convert hormones to active forms.

A brain region that controls primitive functions like childbirth and sex drive, connected to the pituitary gland.

A gland with anterior and posterior parts, responsible for releasing hormones that regulate various body functions.

The stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

The front portion of the pituitary, responsible for producing and releasing hormones like FSH and LH.

The back portion of the pituitary that stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus.

A hormone from the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release TSH.

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection during lactation.

A hormone that promotes water retention in the kidneys, helping maintain blood pressure.

A hormone from the hypothalamus that induces the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary.

A hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovarian follicles and sperm production.

A hormone from the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation and testosterone production.

A hormone that stimulates milk production in mammary glands after childbirth.

A hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids in response to stress.

A regulatory mechanism that counteracts change, helping maintain homeostasis in hormone levels.

A process where a hormone release leads to more hormone release, e.g., oxytocin during childbirth.

Promotes growth and metabolic processes; affects bones, muscles, and fat.

Produced by the liver, they prolong the action of growth hormone.

Produces melatonin, influences sleep patterns and circadian rhythms.

Maturation site for T cells, affecting the immune system.

Largest purely endocrine gland; regulates metabolism via T3 and T4.

Increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone resorption.

Inner part of adrenal gland, releases catecholamines like epinephrine.

A glucocorticoid that helps manage stress responses and metabolism.

Hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting liver glucose production.

Female reproductive glands producing hormones like estradiol and progesterone.

Male reproductive glands that secrete testosterone and regulate sperm production.

Hormone from the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production.

Categorized into steroids, monoamines, and peptides based on their chemical structure.

Hormones like estrogen produced by gonads.

Hormones like cortisol produced by adrenal glands.

Hormones made from amino acids, includes catecholamines and melatonin.

Hormones formed by chains of amino acids.

Thyroid hormones are formed using tyrosines and iodide.

Hormones are secreted in varying rates based on body needs.

Hormone release triggered by nerve signals.

Hormones released based on blood composition changes.

Steroid hormones are hydrophobic and require transport proteins.

Proteins that bind hormones and trigger cellular responses.

Act on cell surface receptors via second messengers.

Penetrates cell membranes and binds to internal receptors.

One hormone molecule can activate many enzymes.

Hormones can have synergistic, permissive, or antagonistic effects.

Increased urine output, thirst, and hunger due to insulin issues.