Endocrine System Quiz

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What are the signaling molecules sent out by the endocrine system called?

Hormones (correct)

Cytokines

Neurotransmitters

Enzymes

How do hormones primarily travel to their target sites?

Via blood circulation (correct)

Via nerve impulses

Through direct cell contact

Through the lymphatic system

Which factor determines whether a cell can respond to a specific hormone?

Hormone concentration in the blood

The presence of specific receptors on the cell (correct)

The cell's location in the body

The age of the cell

What is the primary function of hormones produced by the endocrine system?

To regulate activities of other cells Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the endocrine system enables it to coordinate gradual changes in the body?

Widespread effects of hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for producing hormones such as thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)?

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is associated with the regulation of water balance in the body?

Vasopressin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the growth hormone (GH)?

Promotion of growth and cell reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What must target cells possess to be affected by a hormone?

Specific protein receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to lower blood sugar levels?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

In which gland is melatonin produced?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of hormones in the body?

Regulation of metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What term describes animals that use internal mechanisms to control internal changes despite external fluctuations?

Regulators Signup and view all the answers

How do conformers respond to changes in environmental conditions?

By allowing their internal conditions to change Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone or response is NOT a part of negative feedback mechanisms to regulate body temperature?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary control mechanism that underpins homeostasis in animals?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a stimulus in maintaining homeostasis?

To trigger a response that returns the variable to the set point Signup and view all the answers

Why might homeostasis be described as moderating, but not eliminating, changes in the internal environment?

Some fluctuations are necessary for normal physiological functions Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the internal variable deviates from the set point?

Sensors detect the change and trigger a response Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements correctly describes a characteristic of set points in homeostatic regulation?

They fluctuate within a normal range Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of nonsteroidal hormones regarding solubility?

They are soluble in water but not in lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to steroidal hormones once they bind to their receptors?

They enter the nucleus and alter gene transcription. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the process of signal transduction?

It involves multiple steps leading to a cellular response. Signup and view all the answers

Why do different target cells respond differently to the same hormone?

They have different receptor types or response-producing molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does epinephrine have on smooth muscle cells supplying skeletal muscle?

It results in blood vessel dilation, increasing blood flow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of glycogen in liver cells when epinephrine binds to its receptor?

Glycogen breaks down into glucose, increasing blood glucose levels. Signup and view all the answers

What receptor types are involved in the different responses of epinephrine in smooth muscle cells?

Alpha receptors for contraction and beta receptors for dilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of epinephrine binding to its receptors in smooth muscle cells serving the intestines?

The cells contract, resulting in blood vessel constriction. Signup and view all the answers