Endocrine System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are characteristics of exocrine glands?

  • Connected to the hypothalamus via nervous connection
  • Secrete directly into the blood
  • Synthesize ADH and Oxytocin
  • Secrete through ducts (correct)

    • What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

    Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin

    Growth hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus.

    False

    Which of the following is a metabolic action of Growth Hormone?

    <p>▲ Ketone bodies production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acromegaly is characterized by an increase growth of ____________ tissue.

    <p>soft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their functions:

    <p>Oxytocin = Stimulates milk ejection and uterine contractions ADH (vasopressin) = Increases renal water absorption and arterial blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of a deficiency in Antidiuretic Hormone?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in Thyroid hormones on the body?

    <p>Decreased BMR and anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Oxytocin during childbirth?

    <p>Uterine contraction during delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Pituitary dwarfism?

    <p>Short stature and normal mentality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Acromegaly?

    <p>Overgrowth of long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) on the body?

    <p>Hypoglycemia, hypotension, and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Oxytocin in lactation?

    <p>Milk letting reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of a deficiency in Growth Hormone in adults?

    <p>Premature senility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a decrease in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) on the body?

    <p>Amenorrhea and sterility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

    <p>Increased water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Endocrine System

    • The study of glands of internal secretion (hormones)
    • Hormones are chemical substances secreted into body fluid by endocrine glands
    • Secretion is delivered directly into the blood
    • Exocrine glands secrete through ducts

    Pituitary Gland

    • Lies in Sella turcica beneath the base of the brain
    • Divided into anterior and posterior pituitary
    • Hypothalamus secretes: RH (Releasing hormone), IH (Inhibiting hormone), ADH (Antidiuretic hormone), and Oxytocin

    Anterior Pituitary

    • Connected to Hypothalamus via vascular connection
    • Receives Releasing and Inhibiting hormones from Median Eminence

    Posterior Pituitary

    • Connected to Hypothalamus via nervous connection
    • Stores ADH and Oxytocin synthesized by Hypothalamus

    Hormones Secreted by Pituitary Gland

    • Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
    • Functions: Growth and Metabolic effect

    Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

    • Secreted from Anterior Pituitary gland
    • Functions: Growth (indirectly through somatomedin), Metabolic effect (protein synthesis, lipolysis, etc.)

    Growth Hormone Regulation

    • Secreted in a pulsatile pattern
    • Factors that increase GH secretion: fasting, exercise, stress, ghrelin, hypoglycemia, protein meal, and deep sleep
    • Factors that decrease GH secretion: obesity, high blood glucose and FFA, aging, and cortisol

    Hyperfunction of Growth Hormone

    • Gigantism (before puberty): Height > 2 meters, Hyperglycemia
    • Acromegaly (after puberty): Large hands, feet, and jaw, Hyperglycemia

    Hypofunction of Growth Hormone

    • Dwarfism: Short stature, Normal mentality
    • Panhypopituitarism (Simmond's disease): Pale skin, muscular atrophy, loss of body hair and emaciation

    Posterior Pituitary Hormones

    • ADH (Antidiuretic hormone): Increases renal water absorption, increases ABP, Deficiency: Diabetes insipidus (Polyurea)
    • Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contraction during delivery, Stimulates milk letting reflex, and Bonding between mother and baby

    Endocrine System

    • The study of glands of internal secretion (hormones)
    • Hormones are chemical substances secreted into body fluid by endocrine glands
    • Secretion is delivered directly into the blood
    • Exocrine glands secrete through ducts

    Pituitary Gland

    • Lies in Sella turcica beneath the base of the brain
    • Divided into anterior and posterior pituitary
    • Hypothalamus secretes: RH (Releasing hormone), IH (Inhibiting hormone), ADH (Antidiuretic hormone), and Oxytocin

    Anterior Pituitary

    • Connected to Hypothalamus via vascular connection
    • Receives Releasing and Inhibiting hormones from Median Eminence

    Posterior Pituitary

    • Connected to Hypothalamus via nervous connection
    • Stores ADH and Oxytocin synthesized by Hypothalamus

    Hormones Secreted by Pituitary Gland

    • Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
    • Functions: Growth and Metabolic effect

    Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

    • Secreted from Anterior Pituitary gland
    • Functions: Growth (indirectly through somatomedin), Metabolic effect (protein synthesis, lipolysis, etc.)

    Growth Hormone Regulation

    • Secreted in a pulsatile pattern
    • Factors that increase GH secretion: fasting, exercise, stress, ghrelin, hypoglycemia, protein meal, and deep sleep
    • Factors that decrease GH secretion: obesity, high blood glucose and FFA, aging, and cortisol

    Hyperfunction of Growth Hormone

    • Gigantism (before puberty): Height > 2 meters, Hyperglycemia
    • Acromegaly (after puberty): Large hands, feet, and jaw, Hyperglycemia

    Hypofunction of Growth Hormone

    • Dwarfism: Short stature, Normal mentality
    • Panhypopituitarism (Simmond's disease): Pale skin, muscular atrophy, loss of body hair and emaciation

    Posterior Pituitary Hormones

    • ADH (Antidiuretic hormone): Increases renal water absorption, increases ABP, Deficiency: Diabetes insipidus (Polyurea)
    • Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contraction during delivery, Stimulates milk letting reflex, and Bonding between mother and baby

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of the endocrine system, including the functions of glands, hormones, and their roles in the body.

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