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Questions and Answers
The hormones of the endocrine system regulate the activity and growth of target cells in your body and also regulate your ______.
The hormones of the endocrine system regulate the activity and growth of target cells in your body and also regulate your ______.
metabolism
In girls, estrogen promotes the accumulation of adipose tissue in the breasts and hips, sculpting a feminine ______.
In girls, estrogen promotes the accumulation of adipose tissue in the breasts and hips, sculpting a feminine ______.
shape
Increasing levels of testosterone in boys help build muscle mass and ______ the vocal cords.
Increasing levels of testosterone in boys help build muscle mass and ______ the vocal cords.
enlarge
Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions into body ______.
Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions into body ______.
Endocrine glands secrete their products, called hormones, into the interstitial ______ surrounding the secretory cells.
Endocrine glands secrete their products, called hormones, into the interstitial ______ surrounding the secretory cells.
Most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the ______.
Most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the ______.
Hormone-secreting cells are not exclusively classified as endocrine ______.
Hormone-secreting cells are not exclusively classified as endocrine ______.
The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal, and ______ glands.
The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal, and ______ glands.
The __________ system often has slower responses compared to the nervous system.
The __________ system often has slower responses compared to the nervous system.
The __________ gland is often called the 'master' endocrine gland.
The __________ gland is often called the 'master' endocrine gland.
The __________ connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
The __________ connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
The anterior pituitary accounts for about __________ percent of the total weight of the pituitary gland.
The anterior pituitary accounts for about __________ percent of the total weight of the pituitary gland.
The __________ is a small region of the brain below the thalamus and regulates the pituitary gland.
The __________ is a small region of the brain below the thalamus and regulates the pituitary gland.
The __________ of the pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and homeostasis.
The __________ of the pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and homeostasis.
Growth hormone is secreted by __________ cells in the pituitary gland.
Growth hormone is secreted by __________ cells in the pituitary gland.
The __________ pituitary is composed of neural tissue.
The __________ pituitary is composed of neural tissue.
During delivery, stretching of the cervix of the uterus stimulates the release of ______, which enhances contraction of smooth muscle fibers.
During delivery, stretching of the cervix of the uterus stimulates the release of ______, which enhances contraction of smooth muscle fibers.
After delivery, oxytocin stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands in response to a ______ infant.
After delivery, oxytocin stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands in response to a ______ infant.
In males and non-pregnant females, the function of ______ remains unknown.
In males and non-pregnant females, the function of ______ remains unknown.
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located just inferior to the ______.
The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located just inferior to the ______.
The thyroid gland consists of right and left ______, connected by an isthmus anterior to the trachea.
The thyroid gland consists of right and left ______, connected by an isthmus anterior to the trachea.
In the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), urine output increases more than ______ times.
In the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), urine output increases more than ______ times.
Drinking alcohol often causes frequent and copious urination because it inhibits secretion of ______.
Drinking alcohol often causes frequent and copious urination because it inhibits secretion of ______.
Thyroid follicles are microscopic spherical sacs that make up most of the ______ gland.
Thyroid follicles are microscopic spherical sacs that make up most of the ______ gland.
The dehydrating effect of alcohol may cause both the thirst and the typical ______ of a hangover.
The dehydrating effect of alcohol may cause both the thirst and the typical ______ of a hangover.
The wall of each follicle consists primarily of cells called ______.
The wall of each follicle consists primarily of cells called ______.
When the T thyrocytes are inactive, their shape is low cuboidal to ______.
When the T thyrocytes are inactive, their shape is low cuboidal to ______.
T3 and T4 together are also known as ______ hormones.
T3 and T4 together are also known as ______ hormones.
The T thyrocytes produce two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and ______ (T3).
The T thyrocytes produce two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and ______ (T3).
T thyrocytes are responsible for the synthesis of ______, which is important for thyroid hormone production.
T thyrocytes are responsible for the synthesis of ______, which is important for thyroid hormone production.
Parafollicular cells, also known as C ______, have a distinct role in hormone secretion.
Parafollicular cells, also known as C ______, have a distinct role in hormone secretion.
Thyroid hormones promote the formation of ossification centers in developing ______.
Thyroid hormones promote the formation of ossification centers in developing ______.
Thyrotrophic cells secrete ______, which controls the activities of the thyroid gland.
Thyrotrophic cells secrete ______, which controls the activities of the thyroid gland.
Gonadotrophic cells secrete two hormones: Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and ______.
Gonadotrophic cells secrete two hormones: Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and ______.
In men, FSH and LH stimulate the testes to produce sperm and to secrete ______.
In men, FSH and LH stimulate the testes to produce sperm and to secrete ______.
In women, these hormones stimulate the ovaries to mature oocytes and to secrete ______.
In women, these hormones stimulate the ovaries to mature oocytes and to secrete ______.
Prolactin cells secrete ______, which initiates milk production in the mammary glands.
Prolactin cells secrete ______, which initiates milk production in the mammary glands.
Corticotrophic cells secrete Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the ______ cortex.
Corticotrophic cells secrete Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the ______ cortex.
The posterior pituitary does not synthesize hormones, but it stores and releases ______ hormones.
The posterior pituitary does not synthesize hormones, but it stores and releases ______ hormones.
Oxytocin (OT) is responsible for contraction of the uterus and ______.
Oxytocin (OT) is responsible for contraction of the uterus and ______.
Study Notes
Endocrine System
- The endocrine system regulates activity, growth of target cells in the body and overall metabolism.
- Estrogen promotes the accumulation of fat in the breasts and hips, sculpting a feminine figure.
- Increasing testosterone levels in boys promotes muscle mass and deepens vocal cords
- Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts that carry them to body cavities.
- Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the interstitial fluid surrounding secretory cells.
- Most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the bloodstream.
- Hormone-secreting cells are not classified exclusively as endocrine cells.
- Major endocrine glands include: the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal, and pineal glands.
- The endocrine system responds more slowly than the nervous system.
- The pituitary gland is often called the 'master' endocrine gland.
- The infundibulum connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
- The anterior pituitary accounts for about 75% of the total weight of the pituitary gland.
- The hypothalamus is a small region in the brain below the thalamus that regulates the pituitary gland.
- The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and homeostasis.
- Growth hormone is secreted by somatotrophic cells in the pituitary gland.
- The posterior pituitary gland is composed of neural tissue.
Hormones
- During delivery, stretching of the cervix stimulates the release of oxytocin, which enhances contraction of smooth muscle fibers.
- After delivery, oxytocin stimulates milk ejection in response to a suckling infant.
- In males and non-pregnant females, the function of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) remains unknown.
Thyroid Gland
- The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland found just inferior to the larynx.
- The thyroid has right and left lobes, connected by an isthmus anterior to the trachea.
- In the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), urine output increases more than five times.
- Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, leading to frequent and copious urination.
- Thyroid follicles are microscopic spherical sacs found in the thyroid gland.
- The dehydrating effect of alcohol can cause the thirst and headache symptoms of a hangover.
- The wall of each follicle consists primarily of cells called follicular cells (T thyrocytes).
- When T thyrocytes are inactive, their shape is low cuboidal to squamous.
- T3 and T4 together are known as thyroid hormones.
- T thyrocytes produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones.
- T thyrocytes are responsible for the synthesis of thyroglobulin, which is important for thyroid hormone production.
- Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, a hormone that plays a role in calcium regulation.
- Thyroid hormones promote the formation of ossification centers in developing bones.
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
- Thyrotrophic cells secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which controls thyroid gland activity.
- Gonadotrophic cells produce Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
- In men, FSH and LH stimulate the testes to produce sperm and secrete testosterone.
- In women, FSH and LH stimulate egg maturation and estrogen/progesterone secretion.
- Prolactin cells secrete prolactin, which initiates milk production in the mammary glands.
- Corticotrophic cells secrete Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal cortex.
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
- Theposterior pituitary does not synthesize hormones, but it stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus.
- Oxytocin (OT) is responsible for uterine contraction and milk ejection.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the human endocrine system and its functions. This quiz covers topics like hormone secretion, gland types, and regulatory effects on the body. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.
