Endocrine System (Fill in the Blank)
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Questions and Answers

The hormones of the endocrine system regulate the activity and growth of target cells in your body and also regulate your ______.

metabolism

In girls, estrogen promotes the accumulation of adipose tissue in the breasts and hips, sculpting a feminine ______.

shape

Increasing levels of testosterone in boys help build muscle mass and ______ the vocal cords.

enlarge

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that carry the secretions into body ______.

<p>cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endocrine glands secrete their products, called hormones, into the interstitial ______ surrounding the secretory cells.

<p>fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the ______.

<p>bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hormone-secreting cells are not exclusively classified as endocrine ______.

<p>glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal, and ______ glands.

<p>pineal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ system often has slower responses compared to the nervous system.

<p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ gland is often called the 'master' endocrine gland.

<p>pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

<p>infundibular stalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

The anterior pituitary accounts for about __________ percent of the total weight of the pituitary gland.

<p>75</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is a small region of the brain below the thalamus and regulates the pituitary gland.

<p>hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ of the pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and homeostasis.

<p>anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Growth hormone is secreted by __________ cells in the pituitary gland.

<p>somatotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ pituitary is composed of neural tissue.

<p>posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

During delivery, stretching of the cervix of the uterus stimulates the release of ______, which enhances contraction of smooth muscle fibers.

<p>oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

After delivery, oxytocin stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands in response to a ______ infant.

<p>suckling</p> Signup and view all the answers

In males and non-pregnant females, the function of ______ remains unknown.

<p>oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located just inferior to the ______.

<p>larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thyroid gland consists of right and left ______, connected by an isthmus anterior to the trachea.

<p>lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), urine output increases more than ______ times.

<p>ten</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drinking alcohol often causes frequent and copious urination because it inhibits secretion of ______.

<p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thyroid follicles are microscopic spherical sacs that make up most of the ______ gland.

<p>thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dehydrating effect of alcohol may cause both the thirst and the typical ______ of a hangover.

<p>headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

The wall of each follicle consists primarily of cells called ______.

<p>thyrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the T thyrocytes are inactive, their shape is low cuboidal to ______.

<p>squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

T3 and T4 together are also known as ______ hormones.

<p>thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

The T thyrocytes produce two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and ______ (T3).

<p>triiodothyronine</p> Signup and view all the answers

T thyrocytes are responsible for the synthesis of ______, which is important for thyroid hormone production.

<p>thyroglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parafollicular cells, also known as C ______, have a distinct role in hormone secretion.

<p>thyrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thyroid hormones promote the formation of ossification centers in developing ______.

<p>bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thyrotrophic cells secrete ______, which controls the activities of the thyroid gland.

<p>thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gonadotrophic cells secrete two hormones: Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and ______.

<p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In men, FSH and LH stimulate the testes to produce sperm and to secrete ______.

<p>testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

In women, these hormones stimulate the ovaries to mature oocytes and to secrete ______.

<p>estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prolactin cells secrete ______, which initiates milk production in the mammary glands.

<p>prolactin (PRL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corticotrophic cells secrete Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the ______ cortex.

<p>suprarenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The posterior pituitary does not synthesize hormones, but it stores and releases ______ hormones.

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxytocin (OT) is responsible for contraction of the uterus and ______.

<p>milk ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endocrine System

  • The endocrine system regulates activity, growth of target cells in the body and overall metabolism.
  • Estrogen promotes the accumulation of fat in the breasts and hips, sculpting a feminine figure.
  • Increasing testosterone levels in boys promotes muscle mass and deepens vocal cords
  • Exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts that carry them to body cavities.
  • Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the interstitial fluid surrounding secretory cells.
  • Most hormones enter interstitial fluid and then the bloodstream.
  • Hormone-secreting cells are not classified exclusively as endocrine cells.
  • Major endocrine glands include: the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal, and pineal glands.
  • The endocrine system responds more slowly than the nervous system.
  • The pituitary gland is often called the 'master' endocrine gland.
  • The infundibulum connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.
  • The anterior pituitary accounts for about 75% of the total weight of the pituitary gland.
  • The hypothalamus is a small region in the brain below the thalamus that regulates the pituitary gland.
  • The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and homeostasis.
  • Growth hormone is secreted by somatotrophic cells in the pituitary gland.
  • The posterior pituitary gland is composed of neural tissue.

Hormones

  • During delivery, stretching of the cervix stimulates the release of oxytocin, which enhances contraction of smooth muscle fibers.
  • After delivery, oxytocin stimulates milk ejection in response to a suckling infant.
  • In males and non-pregnant females, the function of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) remains unknown.

Thyroid Gland

  • The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland found just inferior to the larynx.
  • The thyroid has right and left lobes, connected by an isthmus anterior to the trachea.
  • In the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), urine output increases more than five times.
  • Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, leading to frequent and copious urination.
  • Thyroid follicles are microscopic spherical sacs found in the thyroid gland.
  • The dehydrating effect of alcohol can cause the thirst and headache symptoms of a hangover.
  • The wall of each follicle consists primarily of cells called follicular cells (T thyrocytes).
  • When T thyrocytes are inactive, their shape is low cuboidal to squamous.
  • T3 and T4 together are known as thyroid hormones.
  • T thyrocytes produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones.
  • T thyrocytes are responsible for the synthesis of thyroglobulin, which is important for thyroid hormone production.
  • Parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin, a hormone that plays a role in calcium regulation.
  • Thyroid hormones promote the formation of ossification centers in developing bones.

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

  • Thyrotrophic cells secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which controls thyroid gland activity.
  • Gonadotrophic cells produce Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
  • In men, FSH and LH stimulate the testes to produce sperm and secrete testosterone.
  • In women, FSH and LH stimulate egg maturation and estrogen/progesterone secretion.
  • Prolactin cells secrete prolactin, which initiates milk production in the mammary glands.
  • Corticotrophic cells secrete Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal cortex.

Posterior Pituitary Hormones

  • Theposterior pituitary does not synthesize hormones, but it stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus.
  • Oxytocin (OT) is responsible for uterine contraction and milk ejection.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the human endocrine system and its functions. This quiz covers topics like hormone secretion, gland types, and regulatory effects on the body. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.

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