Endocrine System Quiz: Anterior Pituitary Gland

<p>The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infundibulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reduce the gland's sensitivity to tropic hormones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypersecretion of a tropic hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumors compete with the gland for resources, leading to decreased function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gland produces more hormone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmunity can damage the gland, preventing it from producing enough hormones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-steroid hormones bind to cell surface receptors, while thyroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilizing secondary messengers like cAMP to activate intracellular pathways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G-proteins act as intermediaries, connecting the hormone receptor to the secondary messenger system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones are chemicals that control target cells by binding to specific receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulates the production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nervous system transmits information quickly, while the endocrine system transmits information slowly, leading to long-term effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glandular epithelium and neurosecretory tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the target cell's sensitivity to the hormone, resulting in a weaker response. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are released by the hypothalamus and stimulate the anterior pituitary to release tropic hormones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act directly on target cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid-soluble (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind to receptors inside the cell (D), They enter cells through the cell membrane (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid hormone enters the cell and binds to a receptor in the nucleus, directly influencing gene expression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth hormone and thyroid hormone together stimulate growth more effectively than either hormone alone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One hormone enhances the responsiveness of a target tissue to another hormone by increasing the number of receptors for that hormone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eicosanoids regulate organs, while hormones function as messengers throughout the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thromboxane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They promote the breakdown of prostaglandins already in the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patient experiencing excessive thirst and frequent urination due to a malfunctioning pancreas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune destruction of hormone-secreting cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotes testosterone secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dwarfism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitates the rapid delivery of releasing hormones to the anterior pituitary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progesterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acromegaly occurs during adulthood whereas gigantism occurs in childhood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promotes transport of amino acids for growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates milk production in mammary glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases the size of ovarian follicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenal Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatotrophs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidophils secrete Growth Hormone and Prolactin, while Basophils secrete TSH, ACTH, and FSH/LH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Not enough hormone produced by endocrine glands.

Gland fails to detect hormone levels, leading to overproduction or underproduction.

Hormones that stimulate other glands to produce hormones.

Immune system targets and damages hormone-producing cells.

Uncontrollable cell growth that disrupts gland function and lowers hormone levels.

The two amino acids that create amine hormones.

Tyrosine and iodine are needed to make thyroid hormone.

Combined effects of hormones are greater than their individual effects.

One hormone allows for the action of another by increasing receptor availability.

Steroid hormones enter cells to form a hormone-receptor complex affecting gene expression.

Organs of the endocrine system responsible for hormone production.

Chemicals produced by endocrine tissue that travel through the bloodstream to control target cells.

Nervous system uses fast electrical impulses, while the endocrine system is slower and relies on hormones in the blood.

Epithelial tissue that makes up one type of endocrine tissue in glands.

Nervous tissue involved in hormone secretion within the endocrine system.

Hormones from the hypothalamus that stimulate the pituitary gland.

Hormones composed of cholesterol that are lipid-soluble.

Hormones that are protein-based and not lipid-soluble.

Hormones that promote muscle growth and tissue building.

Non-steroid hormones bind to surface receptors, activating G-proteins and secondary messengers to effect changes in the cell.

Thyroid hormones can enter cells and utilize the steroid hormone mechanism instead of the usual non-steroid pathway.

An endocrine reflex is a negative feedback loop helping to maintain a stable internal environment by monitoring physiological changes.

Upregulation increases the number of hormone receptors on target cells, enhancing sensitivity and response to hormones.

Downregulation decreases the number of hormone receptors on target cells, reducing their sensitivity and response to hormones.

A small gland controlling other endocrine glands, known as the 'master gland'.

The anterior part of the pituitary gland, made of glandular epithelium.

The posterior part of the pituitary gland, composed of neurosecretory tissue.

The stalk connecting the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

Cells in the anterior pituitary categorized as chromophobes and acidophils based on staining.

Chemical regulators that do not travel in blood and regulate the hormone that makes them.

A type of eicosanoid that boosts the immune system.

Eicosanoid that increases inflammation and local blood flow, also aids in childbirth.

NSAIDs like aspirin inhibit production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.

A hormone that promotes growth and fat metabolism, affects all body cells.

A hormone that stimulates breast development during pregnancy and milk production after birth.

A tropic hormone that stimulates the growth of the thyroid and hormone secretion.

A tropic hormone that stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex and cortisol secretion.

A tropic hormone that stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in women and sperm production in men.

Anterior pituitary cells that produce Growth Hormone (GH).

Cells in the anterior pituitary that produce Prolactin, involved in milk production.

Cells that produce Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the anterior pituitary.

Anterior pituitary cells that secrete Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH).

Cells that produce Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

Region of the brain that controls the pituitary gland and releases hormones.

Hormone that stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men.

Conditions related to abnormal levels of growth hormone, including dwarfism and gigantism.

Blood vessels connecting hypothalamus directly to anterior pituitary for quick hormone transport.