Endocrine System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis?

  • Regulation of hunger and thirst
  • Regulation of circadian rhythms
  • Coordination of voluntary movements
  • Homeostatic regulation of various physiological processes (correct)

    • What is the typical concentration range of steroid hormones in the blood?

  • 10^-12 – 10^-14M
  • 10^-2 – 10^-4M
  • 10^-8 – 10^-10M (correct)
  • 10^-4 – 10^-6M

    • What is the primary mechanism of steroid hormone secretion?

  • Simple diffusion (correct)
  • Exocytosis
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport

    • What is the primary action of steroid hormones on target cells?

    <p>Activating gene transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hormone deficiency disorders?

    <p>Destruction of hormone-producing glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)?

    <p>Storage and release of neurohypophysial hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of hormone resistance disorders?

    <p>Defects in hormone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells?

    <p>Synthesis and release of neurohypophysial hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of steroid hormone action?

    <p>Slower and longer-lasting effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the amplitude of the response to hormone stimulation?

    <p>Concentration of hormone, number of receptors, and affinity of hormone-receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland secretes adrenaline?

    <p>Adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is not produced by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Arginine vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is a glycoprotein?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and transported as a free hormone?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormone is calcitonin?

    <p>Polypeptide/Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is not synthesized by the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Melatonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is not steroid-based?

    <p>Thyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is stored in large amounts at secretory granules?

    <p>Arginine vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an eicosanoid?

    <p>Prostacyclin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hypophysial portal system in the anterior pituitary?

    <p>To deliver releasing hormones from the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is produced by the intermediate lobe of the fetal pituitary?

    <p>Melanocyte stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hypothalamus regulates the body's master clock?

    <p>Suprachiasmatic nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of fluctuations in hormone activity?

    <p>Feedback control from both feedforward drive and negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circuit regulates hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity?

    <p>Paraventricular nucleus receiving input from suprachiasmatic nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of input does the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receive to regulate daily rhythms?

    <p>Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the anterior pituitary's control system?

    <p>Direct synaptic connections from the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone has the ability to short-loop feedback?

    <p>Tropic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers plasma hormone 1 in the hypothalamus-pituitary portal vessel?

    <p>Releasing hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity in the tripartite endocrine system controls the thyroid?

    <p>Anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus-pituitary portal system in the anterior pituitary?

    <p>To release hypophysiotropic hormones into the portal blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormone has the ability to exhibit negative feedback and short-loop feedback?

    <p>Tropic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hypothalamus regulates the body's master clock and ensures entrainment of physiological processes to a 24-hour cycle?

    <p>Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of fluctuations in hormone activity in the tripartite endocrine system?

    <p>Biorhythms and feedforward drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hormone is produced by the intermediate lobe of the fetal pituitary?

    <p>Melanocyte stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circuit regulates hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and cortisol release?

    <p>Paraventricular nucleus-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the hypothalamus in the tripartite endocrine system?

    <p>To regulate hormone synthesis and secretion in the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of input does the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receive to regulate daily rhythms?

    <p>Circadian input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity in the tripartite endocrine system controls the thyroid?

    <p>Anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of hormone regulation in the tripartite endocrine system?

    <p>Negative feedback and short-loop feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between peptide hormone synthesis and steroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>Type of molecular structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone receptor is responsible for receiving peptide hormones?

    <p>G-protein coupled receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of hormone action for non-steroid hormones?

    <p>Activation of second messenger systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and transported as a free hormone?

    <p>Peptide hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of hormone receptors in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis?

    <p>Specificity for peptide hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone is most closely associated with hormone resistance disorders?

    <p>Steroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of hormone release from the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone is most closely associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?

    <p>Glucocorticoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis?

    <p>Releasing hormone and inhibiting factor production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone is most closely associated with the regulation of calcium metabolism?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of de novo biosynthesis of steroid hormones?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hormone excess disorders?

    <p>Ectopic hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of hormone action on target cells?

    <p>Activation of specific genes to produce new proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells?

    <p>Releasing hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of hormone action in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis?

    <p>Target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hormone resistance disorders?

    <p>Receptor defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the potency of steroid hormones?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of hormone transport in the blood?

    <p>Bound to transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of hormone that is not stored in the gland?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis?

    <p>Integration of neuroendocrine control and homeostatic regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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