Endocrine System Overview

Pancreas

• The pancreas is a gland that produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels.
• Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by helping body cells take up glucose (sugar).
• Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from stores in the liver.
• The pancreas plays a vital role in maintaining a stable blood glucose level, essential for proper body function.

Thyroid Gland

• The thyroid gland produces hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
• These hormones regulate metabolism, affecting how the body uses energy, growth, and development.
• The thyroid gland influences heart rate, body temperature, and weight management.

Adrenal Glands

• The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney.
• They produce hormones like cortisol, adrenaline, and aldosterone.
• Cortisol helps the body respond to stress and regulates the use of glucose for energy.
• Adrenaline triggers the "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for action in emergency situations.
• Aldosterone helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

Pituitary Gland

• The pituitary gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the function of other endocrine glands in the body.
• It produces hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and gonads.
• The pituitary gland plays a critical role in growth, development, and reproduction.