Endocrine System Quiz

<p>Secreting substances onto the surface of the skin or into cavities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strength of the signal depends on the concentration of the hormone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune system function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating the activity of the pituitary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute stimulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to low blood calcium levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time it takes for 50% of a hormone to be removed from circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormone synthesis by the target cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane-bound receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct gene activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly activate gene transcription (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down-regulation of receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A drug that mimics the action of a hormone by binding to its receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synergistic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior pituitary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vascular connection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High blood calcium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raise blood calcium and phosphate levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypercalcemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zona glomerulosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidney stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase breakdown of liver glycogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenergic receptor sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) require iodine and tyrosine for their synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pituitary dwarfism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing basal metabolic rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased secretion of insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of thyroid hormone in response to TSH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term stress responses are mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, while long-term stress responses are mediated by the endocrine system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlargement of the thyroid gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small peptide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>G protein-coupled receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine organs into the blood.

Tissues that hormones affect to elicit a change.

Glands that secrete substances into the bloodstream.

Glands that secrete substances onto surfaces rather than into blood.

A system that transmits signals quickly using neurons.

A system that uses hormones to regulate processes over time.

Substances secreted by a cell that affect the same cell.

Substances secreted into the extracellular fluid affecting nearby cells.

Constant hormone concentration over a long period.

Sudden and irregular changes in hormone levels.

Hormones secreted in predictable patterns.

Hormone release triggered by changes in blood chemical levels.

Hormone release initiated by neurotransmitters from neurons.

Hormones secreted in response to other hormones.

Hormones that require binding proteins to transport in blood.

Polar hormones that need assistance to enter cells.

Time it takes for 50% of a hormone to be removed from circulation.

Receptors for water soluble hormones located on cell membranes.

Receptors for lipid soluble hormones that activate transcription.

Increasing receptor numbers to enhance sensitivity to a hormone.

Decreasing receptor numbers, leading to reduced sensitivity.

One hormone enhances the effect of another for a stronger reaction.

Hormones that work against each other to regulate responses.

The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are connected via the infundibulum.

Hormones produced in hypothalamic neurons, stored in the posterior pituitary.

Growth hormone-releasing hormone; a peptide that stimulates GH secretion from anterior pituitary.

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone; small peptide that decreases GH secretion.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone; a small peptide that increases TSH secretion.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone; stimulates cortisol release to regulate stress.

Antidiuretic hormone; conserves water in body by acting on kidneys.

Hormone stimulating uterine contractions; important in childbirth.

Hormones that influence the release of other hormones.

Growth hormone promotes tissue growth, amino acid uptake, and protein synthesis.

Composed of follicular and parafollicular cells, highly vascular.

Produced in follicular cells using iodine and tyrosine.

Secretion regulated by TSH and TRH, with negative feedback from T3 and T4.

Increases basal metabolic rate, activity of NaK pumps, and ATP production.

A condition characterized by low levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), leading to elevated TSH and potential goiter.

A condition with excessive thyroid hormones, often due to autoimmune diseases like Graves Disease, leading to hypersecretion of TSH.

A hormone produced by parafollicular cells that lowers blood calcium levels by reducing osteoclast activity and promoting bone deposition.

Four glands located at the posterior of the thyroid, consisting mainly of chief cells that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Hormone released when blood calcium is low, raises levels through bone resorption and kidney calcium reabsorption.

Results in low calcium levels (hypocalcemia), leading to neuromuscular excitation, including tetany and cardiac arrhythmia.

Elevated calcium (hypercalcemia) leads to muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and increased risk of kidney stones.

Secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) to prepare the body for physical activity by increasing glucose and heart rate.

Three layers: Zona glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), Zona fasciculata (glucocorticoids), Zona reticularis (androgens), each secreting specific hormones.

Insulin lowers blood glucose; glucagon raises it, secreted by alpha and beta cells in the pancreatic islets.