30 Questions
What distinguishes the nervous system from the endocrine system in terms of signal transmission?
The nervous system uses electrical impulses for rapid signaling, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slower signaling.
Which gland in the body serves as a link between the nervous and endocrine systems?
Hypothalamus
Which type of hormones are cortisol, estrogen, and testosterone examples of?
Lipid-derived hormones
What physiological processes does the hypothalamus regulate?
Body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep
Which class of hormones includes insulin, growth hormone, and oxytocin?
Peptide hormones
How do signals travel in the endocrine system to reach target tissues and organs?
Hormones are released into the blood and travel through the bloodstream to target cells.
What is the main function of intracellular receptors?
Modulating gene expression and protein synthesis
Which type of hormones typically bind to intracellular receptors?
Lipid-soluble hormones like steroid hormones
How do hormones exert their effects on target cells?
By binding to specific receptors and triggering signaling cascades
What defines endocrine disruptors?
Chemicals that interfere with the normal function of hormones in the endocrine system
Where is aldosterone produced and released from?
Adrenal cortex under the signaling of the renin-angiotensin system
Which hormone is responsible for regulating water levels in the blood stream?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?
Mixing and churning with gastric juices for further digestion
Which organ is responsible for the storage and concentration of bile?
Gallbladder
What enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of proteins in the stomach?
Pepsin
Which organ is involved in the absorption of nutrients and water in the digestive system?
Small intestine
What defines constipation as described in the text?
Difficulty passing dry, hard stools
Which organ is responsible for the storage and formation of feces?
Large intestine
How do bile salts contribute to lipid digestion in the small intestine?
They emulsify fat droplets to increase the surface area for enzyme action.
What is the role of pancreatic lipase in lipid digestion?
Breaking down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
Which bacterial motility mechanism involves the use of hair-like structures called pili?
Pili
How do some bacteria exhibit gliding motility without using flagella or pili?
By moving smoothly along surfaces.
What is the function of cilia in the movement of many protists?
Propelling the organism through its aquatic environment.
Which eukaryotic microorganisms move using flagella similar to prokaryotic flagella?
Protists
Which hormone is made in the hypothalamus and released from the pituitary gland, stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?
Oxytocin
Which hormone is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and has the opposite effect of insulin?
Glucagon
Which hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands and regulates blood calcium levels?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which hormone is produced from the adrenal gland and controls the fight or flight response during short-term stress?
Epinephrine
Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and helps lower blood sugar levels?
Insulin
Which hormone is produced by the thyroid glands and has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone?
Calcitonin
Test your knowledge on the endocrine system, a network of glands and organs that produce and secrete hormones. Learn about lipid-derived hormones like cortisol and estrogen, and amino acid-derived hormones such as thyroxine.
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