Endocrine System: Part 1 - Vocabulary

Endocrine System Vocabulary

• Primary endocrine disorders occur when there is a problem with the endocrine gland itself, whereas secondary endocrine disorders occur when there is a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
• Radioactive iodine therapy is a treatment for thyroid disorders.
• ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) regulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
• "Steroid dependent" refers to a condition where the body is dependent on steroids to function normally.
• Addisonian crisis, also known as acute adrenal crisis, is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol.
• Striae are stretch marks that occur due to excessive cortisol production.
• Subclavicular fat pad, also known as "buffalo hump", is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the upper back.
• Thyrocalcitonin is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
• Thyroid storm, also known as thyroid crisis, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine.

Adrenal Glands

• Addison disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone.
• Adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, while adrenal medulla produces catecholamines.
• Aldosterone regulates electrolyte and water balance in the body.
• Androgen is a hormone that regulates male characteristics.
• Antithyroid medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid Gland

• Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the thyroid gland.
• Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
• TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) regulates the production of T4 and T3.
• Virilization syndrome is a condition characterized by the development of male characteristics in females.
• Vitiligo is a condition characterized by the loss of skin pigment.

Other Endocrine Concepts

• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder that affects the adrenal glands.
• Conn syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, is a condition where the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone.
• Corticosteroids are hormones that regulate inflammation and immune response.
• Cushing syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive cortisol production.
• Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone that regulates the "fight or flight" response.
• Euthyroid refers to a state of normal thyroid function.
• Exophthalmos is a condition characterized by bulging eyes.
• Glucocorticoids regulate glucose metabolism and immune response.
• Goiter is a condition characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland.
• Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism.
• Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that causes hypothyroidism.
• Hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system is a complex system that regulates hormone production.
• Hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.
• Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by inadequate thyroid hormone production.
• Mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte and water balance in the body.
• "Moon face" is a condition characterized by round, puffy face due to excessive cortisol production.
• MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) regulates skin pigmentation.
• Myxedema is a condition characterized by dry, rough skin due to inadequate thyroid hormone production.
• Myxedema coma is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
• Negative feedback mechanism is a process where the production of a hormone is regulated by its own levels.
• Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that produces excessive catecholamines.
• Pituitary gland regulates hormone production in the body.
• Polydipsia is a condition characterized by excessive thirst, while polyuria is a condition characterized by excessive urination.

Endocrine System Vocabulary

• Primary endocrine disorders occur when there is a problem with the endocrine gland itself, whereas secondary endocrine disorders occur when there is a problem with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
• Radioactive iodine therapy is a treatment for thyroid disorders.
• ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) regulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
• "Steroid dependent" refers to a condition where the body is dependent on steroids to function normally.
• Addisonian crisis, also known as acute adrenal crisis, is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol.
• Striae are stretch marks that occur due to excessive cortisol production.
• Subclavicular fat pad, also known as "buffalo hump", is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the upper back.
• Thyrocalcitonin is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
• Thyroid storm, also known as thyroid crisis, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine.

Adrenal Glands

• Addison disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone.
• Adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, while adrenal medulla produces catecholamines.
• Aldosterone regulates electrolyte and water balance in the body.
• Androgen is a hormone that regulates male characteristics.
• Antithyroid medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid Gland

• Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the thyroid gland.
• Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
• TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) regulates the production of T4 and T3.
• Virilization syndrome is a condition characterized by the development of male characteristics in females.
• Vitiligo is a condition characterized by the loss of skin pigment.

Other Endocrine Concepts

• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder that affects the adrenal glands.
• Conn syndrome, also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, is a condition where the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone.
• Corticosteroids are hormones that regulate inflammation and immune response.
• Cushing syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive cortisol production.
• Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone that regulates the "fight or flight" response.
• Euthyroid refers to a state of normal thyroid function.
• Exophthalmos is a condition characterized by bulging eyes.
• Glucocorticoids regulate glucose metabolism and immune response.
• Goiter is a condition characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland.
• Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism.
• Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that causes hypothyroidism.
• Hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system is a complex system that regulates hormone production.
• Hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst.
• Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by inadequate thyroid hormone production.
• Mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte and water balance in the body.
• "Moon face" is a condition characterized by round, puffy face due to excessive cortisol production.
• MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) regulates skin pigmentation.
• Myxedema is a condition characterized by dry, rough skin due to inadequate thyroid hormone production.
• Myxedema coma is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
• Negative feedback mechanism is a process where the production of a hormone is regulated by its own levels.
• Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that produces excessive catecholamines.
• Pituitary gland regulates hormone production in the body.
• Polydipsia is a condition characterized by excessive thirst, while polyuria is a condition characterized by excessive urination.