Endocrine System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which system uses electricity to send information throughout the body?

  • Nervous system (correct)
  • Respiratory system
  • Immune system
  • Endocrine system

    • The endocrine system responds more quickly than the nervous system.

    False

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

    Regulates the entire endocrine system

    The _______ glands sit on top of the kidneys.

    <p>adrenal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following glands with their descriptions:

    <p>Thyroid = Regulates metabolism Pituitary = Controls other endocrine glands Pancreas = Regulates blood sugar Gonads = Produce sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of responses does the endocrine system typically produce?

    <p>Long term effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endocrine hormones are released directly into the blood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two types of glands in the endocrine system.

    <p>Endocrine and exocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands solely produce hormones?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormones can only affect target tissues that are located nearby.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the degree to which a hormone will activate its target tissue?

    <p>Hormone concentration, number of receptors, and affinity of the hormone for the receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amino acid based hormones tend to act through __________ receptors.

    <p>membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormone types with their characteristics:

    <p>Peptide hormones = Made of amino acids Steroid hormones = Made from cholesterol Amino acid derivatives = Single modified amino acids G protein coupled receptors = Most common type for hormone signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones?

    <p>Hydrophobic and lipophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amino acid based hormones can directly enter the target cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adenylyl cyclase activated by G proteins in hormone signaling?

    <p>It converts ATP to cyclic AMP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors are involved when steroid hormones enter the cell?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steroid hormones primarily act on __________ receptors.

    <p>intracellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steroid hormones act quickly and require high concentrations to be effective.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative?

    <p>Thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback mechanism primarily regulates hormone secretion in the body?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All hormones produce the same effects on their target tissues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of affinity in hormone-receptor interaction?

    <p>Affinity determines how strongly a hormone binds to its receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The release of hormones in response to nerve impulses is known as a __________ stimulus.

    <p>neural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of stimulus with its description:

    <p>Neural stimulus = Release caused by nerve impulse Humoral stimulus = Release triggered by changes in blood composition Hormonal stimulus = Release initiated by another hormone Negative feedback = Process by which a hormone reduces its own secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of _________ hormones is to regulate metabolic processes.

    <p>steroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones to their class:

    <p>Epinephrine = Amino acid derivative Cortisol = Steroid hormone Insulin = Peptide hormone Testosterone = Steroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is known for producing cortisol?

    <p>Adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes can hormones influence in target cells?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothalamus produces hormones that directly act on target organs without any intermediary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone released by the parathyroid glands in response to low calcium levels?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CRH stands for __________ releasing hormone.

    <p>corticotropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released in response to a hormonal stimulus from the adrenal gland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two parts of the pituitary gland.

    <p>Anterior and posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormonal stimuli involve one hormone stimulating the release of __________ from a target tissue.

    <p>another hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is mentioned as having effects throughout the body in response to stress?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pituitary is also known as the neurohypophysis?

    <p>Posterior Pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also known as oxytocin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone stimulates uterine contractions and milk letdown?

    <p>oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior pituitary releases six hormones, commonly remembered as __________.

    <p>flat pig</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hormones with their functions:

    <p>FSH = Stimulates growth LH = Regulates reproductive processes ACTH = Stimulates adrenal gland TSH = Stimulates thyroid gland Prolactin = Stimulates milk production GH = Stimulates growth and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone conserves water by acting on the kidneys?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inhibiting hormones stimulate the release of other hormones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tropic hormones?

    <p>Regulate activity of other tissues or glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Releasing hormones stimulate the production of a hormone from __________.

    <p>another gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is not released by the anterior pituitary?

    <p>ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The anterior pituitary is a part of the brain.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes hormones that suppress the secretion of other hormones?

    <p>inhibiting hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary.

    <p>infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about oxytocin is true?

    <p>It is involved in bonding and uterine contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypophyseal portal system allows direct communication between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary.

    <p>ADH or oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce thyroid hormones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of growth hormone?

    <p>To promote growth and metabolism in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ feedback mechanism primarily regulates most hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.

    <p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones to their respective glands:

    <p>Growth hormone = Anterior pituitary Oxytocin = Posterior pituitary Thyroid stimulating hormone = Anterior pituitary Adrenocorticotropic hormone = Anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for telling the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

    <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pituitary gigantism is caused by the underproduction of growth hormone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of excess growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates have closed?

    <p>Acromegaly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hormone ____ stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol.

    <p>ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of follicle stimulating hormone in individuals with ovaries?

    <p>Stimulate follicle production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does insulin-like growth factor (IGF) have on the skeleton?

    <p>Promotes cartilage growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Luteinizing hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in breast tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hypothalamus completely controls the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does oxytocin play during childbirth?

    <p>It stimulates uterine contractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.

    <p>Growth hormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gland responsible for secreting parathyroid hormone is the _______ gland.

    <p>parathyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prolactin stimulates ______ production during breastfeeding.

    <p>milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hormones to their primary functions:

    <p>FSH = Stimulates follicle production LH = Triggers ovulation Prolactin = Initiates milk production Oxytocin = Causes uterine contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their functions:

    <p>Growth hormone = Stimulates growth and metabolism TSH = Stimulates thyroid hormone production ACTH = Stimulates cortisol production FSH = Regulates development of gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body?

    <p>Promotes water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thyroid hormones primarily regulate blood sugar levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

    <p>T3 and T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prolactin is controlled by a ______ feedback mechanism during nursing.

    <p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do testosterone and estrogen serve in males and females, respectively?

    <p>Both are involved in growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxytocin is released only during childbirth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the thyroid gland respond to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

    <p>It produces T3 and T4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of hypothyroidism, the metabolic rate typically ______.

    <p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hormone with its source:

    <p>FSH = Anterior pituitary Prolactin = Anterior pituitary ADH = Posterior pituitary Thyroid hormones = Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucagon in the body?

    <p>To raise blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cortisol is involved in short-term stress response.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is absent in individuals with type 1 diabetes?

    <p>insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adrenal cortex produces the hormone ________, which is crucial for long-term stress responses.

    <p>cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hormones with their effects:

    <p>Insulin = Lowers blood glucose levels Glucagon = Elevates blood glucose levels Cortisol = Increases blood glucose and suppresses the immune system Estrogens = Regulates reproductive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with the body's acute stress response?

    <p>Adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Receptor insensitivity in type 2 diabetes involves the pancreas not producing enough insulin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does chronic stress have on the immune system?

    <p>suppresses the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pancreas produces ________ and ________ to manage blood sugar levels.

    <p>glucagon, insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on proteins and fats during stress?

    <p>It causes them to be used for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone does the thyroid gland produce to lower blood calcium levels?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iodine is not necessary for the production of thyroid hormones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adrenal glands are located on top of the _______.

    <p>kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following adrenal cortex layers with their hormones:

    <p>Zona glomerulosa = Aldosterone Zona fasciculata = Cortisol Zona reticularis = Gonadocorticoids Medulla = Epinephrine and Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of aldosterone?

    <p>Retain sodium and excrete potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an excess of thyroid hormones.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does parathyroid hormone (PTH) play in the body?

    <p>It increases blood calcium levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine is also known as _______.

    <p>adrenaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Goiter = Swelling of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency Hypothyroidism = Underactive thyroid leading to low hormone production Hyperthyroidism = Overactive thyroid causing excessive hormone production Calcitonin = Hormone that decreases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from low iodine intake?

    <p>Goiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adrenal medulla produces aldosterone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cortisol?

    <p>To increase blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic nervous system activation results in the release of _______ and _______ from the adrenal medulla.

    <p>epinephrine, norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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