Endocrine System Overview

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Are chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids that regulates metabolic activity of other cells in the body

Hormones

Hormones that act locally

Prostaglandins

It comes from a Greek word to arouse

Hormones

Hormones can?

Change plasma membrane permeability or membrane potential, activate or inactive enzyme, stimulates or inhibit cell division, promote or inhibit secretion of a product, turn on or turn off transcription of certain genes Signup and view all the answers

What are two mechanism by which hormones trigger changes in cells

Direct gene activation and second messenger system Signup and view all the answers

three ways in which endocrine glands are stimulated to secrete their hormones

Hormonal stimuli, humoral stimuli, and neural stimuli Signup and view all the answers

the most common stimulus in which endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones

Hormonal stimuli Signup and view all the answers

example of this is hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormone

Hormonal stimuli Signup and view all the answers

changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients may also stimulate hormone release

Humoral stimuli Signup and view all the answers

example of this is a decreasing blood calcium ion level in the capillaries serving the parathyroid glands prompt the release of parathyroid hormone

Humoral stimuli Signup and view all the answers

other hormone response to this stimuli include calcitonin released by the thyroid gland and insulin produced by the pancreas

Humoral stimuli Signup and view all the answers

nerve fiber stimulate hormone release

Neural stimuli Signup and view all the answers

example of this stimuli is sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the adrenal medulla to release the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine during periods of stress

Neural stimuli Signup and view all the answers

this glands are ductless glands that produce hormones that they release into the blood or lymph

Endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

this glands release their products as the body surface or into body cavities through ducks

Exocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

as approximately the size of a p it hangs by a stock from inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain where it's snugly surrounded by the sella turcica of sphenoid bone

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Pituitary gland has two functional lobes what are these

Anterior pituitary gland and posterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

it controls the activity of so many other endocrine glands that it has often been called the master endocrine gland

Anterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

it is not an endocrine gland in the street sense because it does not make peptide hormones it releases instead it acts as a storage area for hormones made by the hypothalamic neurons

Posterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

it is released in significant amounts only during childbirth and nursing it stimulates powerful constructions of the uterine muscles during sexual relations during labor and during breastfeeding

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

It causes milk ejection

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

two hormones that is released by the posterior pituitary

Oxytocin and antideuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

Urine production

Diuresis Signup and view all the answers

a chemical that inhibits or prevents urine production

Antideuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

It is sometimes referred to as vasopressin

Antideuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

people with this problem are continually thirsty and drink huge amount of water

Diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary release hormones but the posterior pituitary is not an endocrine gland what is it

Storage Signup and view all the answers

two of the six anterior pituitary hormones exert their major effects on nonedocrine targets. What are these?

Growth hormone and prolactin Signup and view all the answers

what are the six anterior pituitary hormones

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Luteinising hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH) Signup and view all the answers

a general metabolic hormone however its major effects are directed to the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body

Growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

a protein sparing and anabolic hormone that causes the building of amino acids into proteins and stimulates most target cells to grow in size and divide

Growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

hypersecretion during childhood of growth hormone results in

Gigantism Signup and view all the answers

hypersecretion of GH occurs after long both grosses ended

Acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

a protein hormone structurally similar to growth hormone it's only known target in humans is the breast

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

It stimulates and maintains milk production

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

this hormones in women stimulates follicle development in the ovaries as the follicles mature they produce estrogen and eggs are needed for ovulation in men it stimulates sperm development by the testes

Follicle stimulating hormone Signup and view all the answers

triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogen in men it stimulates testosterone production by the interstitial cells of the testes

Luteinizing hormone Signup and view all the answers

influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland

Thyrotropic hormone or thyroid stimulating hormone Signup and view all the answers

regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone Signup and view all the answers

a small cone shaped gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

it's believed to be asleep trigger that plays an important role in establishing the body sleep wake cycle

Melatonin Signup and view all the answers

located at the base of the throat just inferior to the adam's apple where is easily palpated during a physical examination

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

controls the rate at which glucose is burned or oxidized and converted to the body heat and chemical energy

Thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

the enlargement of the thyroid gland that results when the diet is deficient in iodine

Goiter Signup and view all the answers

results and dwarfism in which adult body proportions remain child like with a proportionate longer torso and shorter legs compared to normal adults and treated individuals with this are intellectually impaired

Cretinism Signup and view all the answers

hyperthyroidism describe earlier the thyroid gland enlarged and the eyes may bold or protrude entirely this condition called

Exophthalmos Signup and view all the answers

hyperthyroidism general resorts from a tumor of the thyroid gland extreme over production of thyroxine results in a high basal metabolic rate intolerance of heat rapid heartbeat, weight loss, nervous and agitated behavior and a general inability to relax

Graves disease Signup and view all the answers

is secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. This hormone opposes the action of the parathyroid glands by reducing the calcium level in the blood. If blood calcium becomes too high, it is secreted until calcium ion levels decrease to normal.

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

are tiny masses of glandular tissue must often found in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

hormone that increases the blood calcium ion level

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

what hormone reduces the blood calcium ion level and which endocrine gland produce this hormone

Calcitonin and thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

a hormone that appear to be essential for normal development of a special group of white blood cells d lymphocytes and the immune response

Thymosin Signup and view all the answers

located in the upper thorax poster to the sternum large and infants and children it decrease in size throughout the adulthood

Thymus Signup and view all the answers

are important in regulating the mineral or salt content of the blood particularly the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

Endocrine System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Are chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids that regulates metabolic activity of other cells in the body

Hormones that act locally

It comes from a Greek word to arouse

Hormones can?

What are two mechanism by which hormones trigger changes in cells

three ways in which endocrine glands are stimulated to secrete their hormones

the most common stimulus in which endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones

example of this is hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormone

changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients may also stimulate hormone release

example of this is a decreasing blood calcium ion level in the capillaries serving the parathyroid glands prompt the release of parathyroid hormone

other hormone response to this stimuli include calcitonin released by the thyroid gland and insulin produced by the pancreas

nerve fiber stimulate hormone release

example of this stimuli is sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the adrenal medulla to release the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine during periods of stress

this glands are ductless glands that produce hormones that they release into the blood or lymph

this glands release their products as the body surface or into body cavities through ducks

as approximately the size of a p it hangs by a stock from inferior surface of the hypothalamus of the brain where it's snugly surrounded by the sella turcica of sphenoid bone

Pituitary gland has two functional lobes what are these

it controls the activity of so many other endocrine glands that it has often been called the master endocrine gland

it is not an endocrine gland in the street sense because it does not make peptide hormones it releases instead it acts as a storage area for hormones made by the hypothalamic neurons

it is released in significant amounts only during childbirth and nursing it stimulates powerful constructions of the uterine muscles during sexual relations during labor and during breastfeeding

It causes milk ejection

two hormones that is released by the posterior pituitary

Urine production

a chemical that inhibits or prevents urine production

It is sometimes referred to as vasopressin

people with this problem are continually thirsty and drink huge amount of water

both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary release hormones but the posterior pituitary is not an endocrine gland what is it

two of the six anterior pituitary hormones exert their major effects on nonedocrine targets. What are these?

what are the six anterior pituitary hormones

a general metabolic hormone however its major effects are directed to the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body

a protein sparing and anabolic hormone that causes the building of amino acids into proteins and stimulates most target cells to grow in size and divide

hypersecretion during childhood of growth hormone results in

hypersecretion of GH occurs after long both grosses ended

a protein hormone structurally similar to growth hormone it's only known target in humans is the breast

It stimulates and maintains milk production

this hormones in women stimulates follicle development in the ovaries as the follicles mature they produce estrogen and eggs are needed for ovulation in men it stimulates sperm development by the testes

triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogen in men it stimulates testosterone production by the interstitial cells of the testes

influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland

regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland

a small cone shaped gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain

it's believed to be asleep trigger that plays an important role in establishing the body sleep wake cycle

located at the base of the throat just inferior to the adam's apple where is easily palpated during a physical examination

controls the rate at which glucose is burned or oxidized and converted to the body heat and chemical energy

the enlargement of the thyroid gland that results when the diet is deficient in iodine

results and dwarfism in which adult body proportions remain child like with a proportionate longer torso and shorter legs compared to normal adults and treated individuals with this are intellectually impaired

hyperthyroidism describe earlier the thyroid gland enlarged and the eyes may bold or protrude entirely this condition called

hyperthyroidism general resorts from a tumor of the thyroid gland extreme over production of thyroxine results in a high basal metabolic rate intolerance of heat rapid heartbeat, weight loss, nervous and agitated behavior and a general inability to relax

is secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. This hormone opposes the action of the parathyroid glands by reducing the calcium level in the blood. If blood calcium becomes too high, it is secreted until calcium ion levels decrease to normal.

are tiny masses of glandular tissue must often found in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood

hormone that increases the blood calcium ion level

what hormone reduces the blood calcium ion level and which endocrine gland produce this hormone

a hormone that appear to be essential for normal development of a special group of white blood cells d lymphocytes and the immune response

located in the upper thorax poster to the sternum large and infants and children it decrease in size throughout the adulthood

are important in regulating the mineral or salt content of the blood particularly the concentrations of sodium and potassium ions

promote normal cell metabolism and help the body to resist long term stressor firmly by increasing the blood glucose level

Reduces blood glucose level

Raises blood glucose level

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