Endocrine System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hormone thyroxin produced by the thyroid gland?

  • Controls growth
  • Stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen
  • Regulates salt concentration in the blood
  • Controls basic metabolic rate (correct)

Which hormone is responsible for controlling water concentration in the blood?

  • GH (growth hormone)
  • Insulin
  • ADH (antidiuretic hormone) (correct)
  • Testosterone

What effect does adrenalin NOT have on the body?

  • Decreases blood pressure (correct)
  • Increases heartbeat
  • Increases blood supply to skeletal muscles
  • Increases depth of breathing

Which hormone stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum?

<p>LH (luteinizing hormone) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the pancreas decreases blood glucose levels?

<p>Insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the endocrine system?

<p>Regulates salt concentration in the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating puberty in females?

<p>Estrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main function of glucagon is to:

<p>Increase blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adrenalin on heartbeat?

<p>Increases heartbeat rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for the secretion of growth hormone?

<p>Pituitary gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of insulin in the human body?

<p>Stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the ovary to stimulate puberty in females?

<p>Estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates the concentration of salt in the blood?

<p>Aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary effect of the hormone glucagon?

<p>Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones do the adrenal glands produce?

<p>Adrenalin and aldosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone stimulates the mammary glands to secrete milk?

<p>Prolactin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thyroxin Function

Controls the basic metabolic rate of the body.

ADH Function

Controls water concentration in the blood by acting on the kidneys.

Endocrine System Function

Chemical coordination and regulation of body activities through hormones.

Adrenalin Effects (Increases)

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, glycogen to glucose conversion, blood supply, muscle tone, breathing, and pupil dilation.

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Adrenalin Effects (Decreases)

Decreases blood flow to digestive system and skin.

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Aldosterone Function

Regulates salt concentration in the blood by acting on the kidneys.

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Growth Hormone (GH) Function

Controls growth in the body.

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TSH Function

Stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxin.

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FSH Function

Stimulates follicle development in the ovaries.

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LH Function

Stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum development in the ovaries.

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Prolactin Function

Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.

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Glucagon Function

Stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose, raising blood sugar.

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Insulin Function

Stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen, lowering blood sugar.

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Estrogen Function

Stimulates puberty in females and promotes uterine lining growth.

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Progesterone Function

Supports pregnancy by maintaining the uterine lining.

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Testosterone Function

Promotes sperm production and male puberty.

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Hypothalamus Hormone

Produces ADH (antidiuretic hormone), which regulates water concentration in the blood by acting on the kidneys.

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Thyroid Gland Hormone

Produces thyroxin, controlling the body's basic metabolic rate.

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Adrenal Gland Hormone (Adrenalin)

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and glycogen conversion, boosts blood supply and muscle tone, and speeds breathing and pupil dilation. Oppositely, it decreases blood flow to the digestive system and skin.

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Aldosterone Function

Regulates salt concentration in the blood, primarily acting on the kidneys.

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Pituitary Gland Hormone (GH)

Controls growth.

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Pituitary Gland Hormone (TSH)

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin.

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Pituitary Gland Hormone (FSH)

Stimulates follicle development in the ovaries.

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Pituitary Gland Hormone (LH)

Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum development in the ovaries.

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Pituitary Gland Hormone (Prolactin)

Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.

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Pancreas Hormone (Glucagon)

Raises blood glucose by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

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Pancreas Hormone (Insulin)

Lowers blood glucose by promoting the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

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Ovary Hormone (Estrogen)

Promotes female puberty and uterine lining thickening.

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Ovary Hormone (Progesterone)

Supports pregnancy by maintaining the uterine lining.

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Testes Hormone (Testosterone)

Promotes sperm production and male puberty.

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Study Notes

Endocrine System Overview

  • The endocrine system coordinates and regulates bodily activities through chemical messengers called hormones.
  • Glands produce hormones that act on target organs.
  • Figure 7.1 shows endocrine glands and their functions.

Hypothalamus

  • Produces ADH (antidiuretic hormone).
  • Target organ: Kidney
  • Regulates water concentration in the blood.

Pituitary Gland

  • Produces GH (growth hormone).
  • Controls growth.
  • Produces TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), stimulating the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin.
  • Produces FSH, LH, and prolactin.
    • FSH: Stimulates follicle development in ovaries.
    • LH: Stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum development.
    • Prolactin: Stimulates milk production.

Thyroid Gland

  • Produces thyroxin.
  • Regulates the body's metabolic rate.

Adrenal Gland

  • Produces adrenalin.
  • Increases heart rate, blood pressure, glycogen conversion, blood supply to muscles, muscle tone, breathing rate and pupil diameter.
  • Decreases blood flow to digestive system and skin.

Aldosterone

  • Target organ: Kidneys
  • Regulates salt concentration in the blood.

Ovary (Females)

  • Produces estrogen and progesterone.
  • Estrogen stimulates puberty in females and thickens the endometrium.
  • Progesterone thickens the endometrium, maintains pregnancy.

Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)

  • Produces glucagon which stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose, increasing blood glucose levels.
  • Produces insulin which stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen, reducing blood glucose levels.

Testes (Males)

  • Produces testosterone.
  • Stimulates sperm cell maturation and male puberty.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the endocrine system, including its glands and hormones. This quiz will cover the functions of hormones produced by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal gland. Understand how these hormones regulate the body's activities.

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