P 4.01 HYPOTHALAMIC & PITUITARY HORMONES
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Questions and Answers

Which type of molecules control and coordinate the body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood?

  • Antagonists
  • Agonists
  • Receptors
  • Endogenous hormones (correct)

    • What is the primary function of drugs that act as agonists?

  • To produce a response similar to natural hormones by binding to receptors (correct)
  • To block the activities of endogenous hormones
  • To fail in triggering intracellular signaling events
  • To induce post receptor events that lead to biological effects

    • What is the role of antagonists in the pharmacologic action of endocrine drugs?

  • They induce post receptor events that lead to biological effects
  • They fail to trigger intracellular signaling events
  • They act like natural hormones, although more or less potently
  • They block the binding of agonists at the receptor without triggering signaling events (correct)

    • Which gland plays a key role in mediating the control of metabolism, growth, and reproduction through a combination of neural and endocrine systems?

    <p>Pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the condition where there is deficient production of one or more hormones by the pituitary gland?

    <p>Hypopituitarism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of the portal venous system in the endocrine system?

    <p>Transporting regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of releasing hormones in the endocrine system?

    <p>Stimulating anterior pituitary cells to produce their corresponding hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of posterior pituitary hormones?

    <p>Stimulating uterine contractions and milk ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In endocrine drug therapy, what is the purpose of hormone replacement?

    <p>Treating hypofunctioning diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of endocrine drugs, what is the role of antagonists?

    <p>Treating diseases caused by excess production of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal hormone responsible for lactation?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone suppresses prolactin release effectively in patients with hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Dopamine agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH in a dose-dependent manner?

    <p>GnRH receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic decapetide has the longest duration of action?

    <p>Cabergoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal hormone responsible for stimulating milk production when appropriate levels of estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids, and insulin are present?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of LH and FSH deficiency in males?

    <p>Delayed puberty, micropenis, undescended testis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency causes symptoms like inability to lactate, vaginal dryness, and decreased libido?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hypopituitarism?

    <p>Tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is typically used as a treatment and has a 191-amino-acid sequence that is identical with the predominant native form of human GH?

    <p>Somatropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of TSH deficiency?

    <p>Low T4 and T3 – short stature, mental retardation, fatigue, weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a target cell in the context of hormone action?

    <p>A cell that has receptors for a specific hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of endocrine drugs, what is the function of an agonist?

    <p>It mimics the action of a natural hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a hormone antagonist?

    <p>A substance that blocks the receptors for a specific hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pharmacologic action, how do most hormones affect target cells?

    <p>They bind to and activate receptors on target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is primarily associated with conditions like hyperpituitarism or hypopituitarism?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is influenced directly by a hormone due to the presence of functional receptors for that hormone?

    <p>Target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant for whether a cell can be influenced directly by a hormone?

    <p>The presence of functional hormone receptors on the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hormone action, where are hormone receptors found?

    <p>Outside or inside the cell depending on the type of hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes cells that are affected by a specific hormone due to the presence of functional hormone receptors?

    <p>Hormone-responsive cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental characteristic of a target cell in the context of hormone action?

    <p>It responds to a hormone because it bears receptors for the hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes cells affected by a limited number of hormones due to the presence of specific receptors?

    <p>Target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency from the pituitary gland can lead to adrenal crisis, characterized by hypotension, vomiting, low blood sugar, and shock?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical indication for the use of somatropin?

    <p>Short stature in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hypopituitarism?

    <p>Genetic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacological application of drugs that act as agonists of hypothalamic-pituitary hormones?

    <p>To mimic the action of endogenous hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hyperpituitarism, what is a potential clinical indication for the use of somatostatin?

    <p>Excessive growth hormone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of vasopressin (ADH) deficiency in the body?

    <p>Polyuria and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is most likely to require hospitalization and intensive care?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life range of LH and hCG when administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly?

    <p>15-30 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gonadotropin contains both LH and FSH and was first extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women in the 1960s?

    <p>Urofollitropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is then extracted and purified from urine?

    <p>Human placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated risk of multiple pregnancies during ovulation induction with gonadotropins like LH and FSH?

    <p>3-5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the portal venous system in the context of the endocrine system?

    <p>To transport hormones from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In childhood, what levels are normally low in relation to endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?

    <p>GNRH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pharmacologic action of endocrine drugs, what is the primary function of antagonists?

    <p>To inhibit the production of hormones in hyperfunctioning disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of application for drugs that regulate normal endocrine function to achieve a desired effect?

    <p>Antagonists of diseases caused by excess production of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of releasing hormones in the endocrine system?

    <p>To stimulate anterior pituitary cells to produce their corresponding hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential toxicity associated with excessive posterior pituitary hormone secretion?

    <p>Fluid and electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In endocrine drug therapy, what is the role of releasing hormones in relation to diagnostic tools for identifying endocrine abnormalities?

    <p>To assist in identifying endocrine abnormalities through their absence or excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of drugs that act as antagonists in the context of hormone action?

    <p>They block the activities of endogenous hormones that contribute to biologic effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes natural hormones or endogenous hormones in terms of their interaction with receptors?

    <p>They can have dramatically different potencies when binding to the same receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pharmacologic action, what is the main function of drugs that act as agonists?

    <p>To bind to the receptor and produce a similar response to the intended chemical and receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of drugs that are agonists in terms of their impact on target cells?

    <p>They can have dramatically different potencies when binding to the same receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of drugs that act as antagonists in the pharmacologic action of endocrine drugs?

    <p>To block binding of the agonist, but fail to trigger intracellular signaling events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of natural hormones or endogenous hormones?

    <p>To mediate all the post receptor events that lead to a biologic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Extracted from the human placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone, used for stimulation of follicle development in women, is extracted from urine of postmenopausal women?

    <p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of administration for LH and hCG, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Intramuscular or subcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of PEGVISOMANT in relation to growth hormone?

    <p>Blocks the action of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is a commercial gonadotropin containing both LH and FSH, extracted from urine of postmenopausal women?

    <p>Urofollitropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medical therapy for prostate cancer?

    <p>GnRH agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of degarelix and abarelix in the context of advanced prostate cancer?

    <p>Reduce concentrations of gonadotropins and androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is combined antiandrogen therapy with continuous GnRH agonist and an androgen receptor antagonist as effective as surgical castration?

    <p>Advanced breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical indication for the use of degarelix and abarelix in the context of advanced prostate cancer?

    <p>Reduce serum testosterone concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GnRH agonists on leiomyomas after cessation of treatment?

    <p>Gradual recurrent growth to previous size within several months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of vasopressin (ADH) deficiency?

    <p>Polyuria and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency from the pituitary gland can lead to adrenal crisis, characterized by hypotension, vomiting, low blood sugar, and shock?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of somatostatin?

    <p>Inhibiting GH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential symptom can be associated with oxytocin deficiency?

    <p>Vaginal dryness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of hypopituitarism?

    <p>Tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of agonistic GnRH analogues?

    <p>Induction of gonadotropin hypersecretion followed by desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with conditions like hyperpituitarism or hypopituitarism?

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical indication for the use of somatostatin?

    <p>Suppression of gonadotropin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH in a dose-dependent manner?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lanreotide in the context of endocrine drugs?

    <p>Suppression of gonadotropin production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of growth hormone antagonists?

    <p>Inhibit the action of growth hormone in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is the use of pegvisomant most likely indicated?

    <p>Acromegaly with inadequate response to other therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of somatostatin analogs like lanreotide and octreotide?

    <p>Inhibit the release of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical indication for the use of menotropins or human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG)?

    <p>Controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of urofollitropin and lutropin alfa?

    <p>Stimulation of ovarian follicle development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of somatostatin analogs like lanreotide and octreotide?

    <p>Inhibiting the release of GH, TSH, insulin, and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pegvisomant in the treatment of acromegaly?

    <p>Blocking the action of GH by binding to its receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is targeted by octreotide in the treatment of hormone-secreting tumors such as acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome?

    <p>Growth hormone (GH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of action for gonadotropins like menotropins or human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and urofollitropin?

    <p>Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is commonly replaced in ovulation induction therapy using gonadotropins like luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for lactation?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lanreotide and octreotide?

    <p>Inhibiting growth hormone release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Pegvisomant?

    <p>Inhibiting growth hormone action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Ganirelix, Cetrorelix, Abarelix, and Degarelix?

    <p>Inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Quinagolide in relation to FSH and LH?

    <p>Suppresses FSH and LH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic decapetide has the longest duration of action?

    <p>Degarelix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical indications for the use of Menotropins or Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG)?

    <p>Inducing ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential effects of dopamine agonists on prolactin release?

    <p>Suppress prolactin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of administration for Pregnyl?

    <p>Intramuscular injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GnRH in the endocrine system?

    <p>Causing the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of GnRH receptor antagonists?

    <p>Inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic decapetide has the longest duration of action?

    <p>Goserelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential toxicity associated with excessive posterior pituitary hormone secretion?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the mechanism of action of dopamine agonists like bromocriptine and cabergoline?

    <p>Inhibiting prolactin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of agonistic GnRH analogues?

    <p>Inducing a flare-up of gonadotropin secretion followed by pituitary desensitization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is a decapeptide found in all mammals and is involved in the stimulation of female infertility, male infertility, and diagnosis of delayed puberty?

    <p>Gonadorelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of GnRH clinical indications, what is the primary function of synthetic agonists?

    <p>Controlled ovarian stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical indication for the suppression of gonadotropin production using synthetic human GnRH?

    <p>Endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone binds to specific G protein coupled receptors in the pituitary, thereby stimulating gonadotropin secretion and synthesis?

    <p>Gonadorelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medical therapy for prostate cancer?

    <p>GnRH agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug combination is as effective as surgical castration in reducing serum testosterone concentration?

    <p>GnRH agonist and androgen receptor antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for the preoperative treatment of uterine leiomyomas?

    <p>GnRH agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of GnRH agonists on leiomyomas after cessation of treatment?

    <p>Gradual recurrent growth to previous size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is the primary medical treatment for central precocious puberty?

    <p>GnRH agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prolactin?

    <p>Regulating lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone suppresses prolactin release effectively in patients with hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Quinagolide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has the longest duration of action among the dopamine agonists mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cabergoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of administration for synthetic decapetides such as Ganirelix, Cetrorelix, Abarelix, and Degarelix?

    <p>Subcutaneous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with the stimulation of milk production?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is targeted by dopamine agonists in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists?

    <p>To inhibit the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic decapetide has a half-life of approximately 5 minutes when administered intramuscularly?

    <p>Gonadorelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which clinical indication is the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs indicated?

    <p>Stimulation of follicle development in women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of dopamine agonists in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Inhibition of prolactin synthesis and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of GnRH analogs like goserelin and leuprolide?

    <p>Abolishing exposure to cyclical changes in estrogen and progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of treatment with a GnRH agonist on uterine leiomyomata/fibroids?

    <p>Reducing fibroid size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of clinical uses for the treatment with a GnRH agonist in the context of uterine leiomyomata/fibroids?

    <p>3–6 months for reducing fibroid size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Nafarelin, a GnRH agonist, when administered as a nasal spray?

    <p>Preventing cyclical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of GnRH analogs like histrelin and triptorelin on the concentrations of estrogen and progesterone?

    <p>Abolishing exposure to cyclical changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GROWTH HORMONE ANTAGONISTS?

    <p>Inhibit the production of growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of PEGVISOMANT in the treatment of acromegaly?

    <p>Blocking the growth hormone receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is effectively suppressed by dopamine agonists in patients with hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of GnRH analogs like gonadorelin?

    <p>Regulate gonadotropin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lanreotide and octreotide?

    <p>Inhibit GH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is targeted by octreotide in the treatment of hormone-secreting tumors such as acromegaly and carcinoid syndrome?

    <p>Growth hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential effect of GnRH receptor antagonists like BACWADEN and CUTAY?

    <p>Inhibit GH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which from following has the longest half life?

    <p>OCTREOTIDE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of Urofollitropin and lutropin alfa?

    <p>Regulate gonadotropin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of quinagolide in medical treatment?

    <p>Treating diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using an oxytocin antagonist during labor?

    <p>To reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position is desmopressin acetate modified to create a long-acting synthetic analog of vasopressin?

    <p>C-terminal position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vasopressin receptor causes a decrease in platelet aggregation?

    <p>V2 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Tolvaptan differ from Conivaptan with regard to their administration?

    <p>Tolvaptan is administered orally, while Conivaptan is administered intravenously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between desmopressin and vasopressin in terms of their pharmacodynamics?

    <p>Vasopressin activates V1 and V2 receptors, while desmopressin only activates V2 receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely consequence of vasopressin overdose?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about desmopressin's toxicity is correct?

    <p>Common side effects include nausea and abdominal cramps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does desmopressin differ from vasopressin in terms of vasoconstrictive activity?

    <p>Vasopressin causes vasoconstriction, while desmopressin does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the pharmacokinetics of vasopressin from desmopressin?

    <p>Desmopressin has a longer half-life than vasopressin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical indication for the use of quinagolide?

    <p>Stimulating milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily targeted by oxytocin antagonists?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vasopressin antagonists like conivaptan and tolvaptan?

    <p>Regulating water balance and treating hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what condition is desmopressin acetate commonly used?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of conivaptan?

    <p>Vasopressin antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency can be associated with symptoms like inability to lactate, vaginal dryness, and decreased libido?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of desmopressin acetate?

    <p>Treatment of central diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of quinagolide?

    <p>Stimulation of milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone, when secreted by the posterior pituitary, is involved in parturition and the milk letdown?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tolvaptan?

    <p>Vasopressin antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Quinagolide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical indication for the use of desmopressin acetate?

    <p>Control of postpartum bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pharmacological treatment, which hormone is targeted by conivaptan?

    <p>Vasopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) in the body?

    <p>Regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of quinagolide?

    <p>Treatment of hyperprolactinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modified form of oxytocin that is administered by intravenous infusion for 2–48 hours?

    <p>Atosiban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)?

    <p>Possesses antidiuretic and vasopressor properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has been approved outside the United States as a treatment for preterm labor?

    <p>Atosiban</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts as an antagonist of vasopressin receptors and is used in the management of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia?

    <p>Tolvaptan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with promoting uterine contractions and milk ejection?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) in the body?

    <p>Promotion of water reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug acts as an antagonist to oxytocin and vasopressin receptors for the treatment of hyponatremia?

    <p>Conivaptan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of desmopressin acetate in the body?

    <p>Promotion of water reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used for the management of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

    <p>Tolvaptan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target organ for the action of oxytocin?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia?

    <p>Quinagolide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main physiological function of vasopressin antagonists like conivaptan and tolvaptan?

    <p>Blocking the action of vasopressin on its receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxytocin antagonists in the pharmacologic action of endocrine drugs?

    <p>Blocking the action of oxytocin on its receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone deficiency can be effectively treated with desmopressin acetate?

    <p>Vasopressin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

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