Endocrine System Overview and Functions

What is the primary function of the negative feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?

To regulate the growth and development of the nervous system
To stimulate the secretion of a hormone when its levels are low
To inhibit hormone secretion when its levels are high (correct)
To amplify the stimulus and increase hormone release

Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of growth hormone?

CRH (Corticotropin releasing hormone)
GHIH (Growth hormone inhibiting hormone)
TRH (Thyrotropin releasing hormone)
GHRH (Growth hormone releasing hormone) (correct)

What is the role of the infundibulum in the pituitary gland?

It connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus (correct)
It produces hormones that regulate growth and development
It stores hormones produced by the pituitary gland
It regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

To act as an important regulatory center for the nervous and endocrine systems (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the positive feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?

Amplification of the stimulus and increased release of the hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine system in the body?

To regulate body activities through the release of hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

Regulation of the immune system (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones differ from neurotransmitters in terms of their site of action?

Hormones act on distant cells, while neurotransmitters act locally (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the pituitary gland in the body?

In the sella turcica of the cranial vault (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus to inhibit the release of growth hormone?

GHIH (Growth hormone inhibiting hormone) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following endocrine glands is responsible for regulating growth and development?

Pituitary gland (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for hormones that act on neighboring cells?

Paracrines (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many receptors can a target cell have for a particular hormone?

5000-10000 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mechanism by which the endocrine system regulates bodily functions?

Feedback loop (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is NOT an endocrine gland?

Stomach (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of hormones produced by the human endocrine system?

50 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the pituitary gland is composed of the adenohypophysis?

75% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by lactotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

PRL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hormone produced by corticotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

Stimulating the adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the neurohypophysis?

ADH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hormone produced by gonadotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

Stimulating oocyte maturation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by thyrotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

TSH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hormone produced by somatotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

Regulating aspects of metabolism (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many hormones are produced by the adenohypophysis?

7 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of human growth hormone (hGH)?

To promote cell growth and regulate metabolism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating the production of sperms in males?

FSH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main regulator of GHRH and GHIH secretion?

Blood glucose level (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hGH on glucose metabolism?

It has an insulin-antagonistic effect, increasing glucose release from the liver (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of overproduction of prolactin due to a pituitary adenoma?

Hyperprolactinemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for a macroadenoma (>10mm) that is causing hyperprolactinemia?

Surgery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of GHRH on the hypothalamus?

It stimulates the secretion of GHRH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of gigantism?

Symmetrical increase in stature and visceral enlargement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in patients with Acromegaly?

Cardiac failure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the forehead in patients with Acromegaly?

Flat and broad (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition characterized by the destruction of the pituitary gland, resulting in thyroid, adrenal gland, and reproductive organs abnormalities?

Panhypopituitarism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common manifestation of Craniopharyngioma in children?

Dwarfism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients with Craniopharyngioma who experience vision loss?

20-60% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of patients with Craniopharyngioma who experience vomiting?

35-70% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Panhypopituitarism?

Hormone replacement (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the hands and feet in patients with Acromegaly?

Enlarged and broad (A) Signup and view all the answers