40 Questions
What is the primary function of the negative feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?
To inhibit hormone secretion when its levels are high
Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of growth hormone?
GHRH (Growth hormone releasing hormone)
What is the role of the infundibulum in the pituitary gland?
It connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
To act as an important regulatory center for the nervous and endocrine systems
What is the result of the positive feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?
Amplification of the stimulus and increased release of the hormone
What is the primary function of the endocrine system in the body?
To regulate body activities through the release of hormones
Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
Regulation of the immune system
How do hormones differ from neurotransmitters in terms of their site of action?
Hormones act on distant cells, while neurotransmitters act locally
What is the location of the pituitary gland in the body?
In the sella turcica of the cranial vault
Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus to inhibit the release of growth hormone?
GHIH (Growth hormone inhibiting hormone)
Which of the following endocrine glands is responsible for regulating growth and development?
Pituitary gland
What is the term for hormones that act on neighboring cells?
Paracrines
How many receptors can a target cell have for a particular hormone?
5000-10000
What is the term for the mechanism by which the endocrine system regulates bodily functions?
Feedback loop
Which of the following organs is NOT an endocrine gland?
Stomach
What is the total number of hormones produced by the human endocrine system?
50
What percentage of the pituitary gland is composed of the adenohypophysis?
75%
Which hormone is produced by lactotrophs in the adenohypophysis?
PRL
What is the function of the hormone produced by corticotrophs in the adenohypophysis?
Stimulating the adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids
Which hormone is produced by the neurohypophysis?
ADH
What is the function of the hormone produced by gonadotrophs in the adenohypophysis?
Stimulating oocyte maturation
Which hormone is produced by thyrotrophs in the adenohypophysis?
TSH
What is the function of the hormone produced by somatotrophs in the adenohypophysis?
Regulating aspects of metabolism
How many hormones are produced by the adenohypophysis?
7
What is the primary function of human growth hormone (hGH)?
To promote cell growth and regulate metabolism
Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating the production of sperms in males?
FSH
What is the main regulator of GHRH and GHIH secretion?
Blood glucose level
What is the effect of hGH on glucose metabolism?
It has an insulin-antagonistic effect, increasing glucose release from the liver
What is the result of overproduction of prolactin due to a pituitary adenoma?
Hyperprolactinemia
What is the treatment for a macroadenoma (>10mm) that is causing hyperprolactinemia?
Surgery
What is the effect of GHRH on the hypothalamus?
It stimulates the secretion of GHRH
What is the characteristic of gigantism?
Symmetrical increase in stature and visceral enlargement
What is the most common cause of death in patients with Acromegaly?
Cardiac failure
What is the characteristic feature of the forehead in patients with Acromegaly?
Flat and broad
What is the term for the condition characterized by the destruction of the pituitary gland, resulting in thyroid, adrenal gland, and reproductive organs abnormalities?
Panhypopituitarism
What is the most common manifestation of Craniopharyngioma in children?
Dwarfism
What is the percentage of patients with Craniopharyngioma who experience vision loss?
20-60%
What is the percentage of patients with Craniopharyngioma who experience vomiting?
35-70%
What is the treatment for Panhypopituitarism?
Hormone replacement
What is the characteristic feature of the hands and feet in patients with Acromegaly?
Enlarged and broad
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system, including its components, role in maintaining homeostasis, and the functions of hormones in the body. Learn about the major endocrine glands, hormonal regulation, and feedback loops. Assess your understanding of the endocrine system's mechanisms and importance.
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