Endocrine System Hormones

What hormone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys?

Aldosterone (correct)
Glucagon
Insulin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What is the primary function of enterocytes in the small intestine?

Production of bile
Absorption of nutrients (correct)
Secretion of hormones
Digestion of carbohydrates

What is the primary function of erythropoietin?

Stimulation of erythropoiesis (correct)
Regulation of thrombopoiesis
Stimulation of leukopoiesis
Regulation of hematopoiesis

What type of signals promote the secretion and release of bile?

Hormonal and neural signals (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of blood sugar?

Insulin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hydrolysis in digestion?

To break down large food molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of blood?

Plasma (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport mechanism is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

Secondary active transport (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of anabolism in the context of metabolism?

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of blood cell formation called?

Hematopoiesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of insulin deficiency?

Hyperglycemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of catabolism in the context of metabolism?

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

To transport oxygen (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines blood viscosity?

The proportion of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the body prevents excessive bleeding?

Hemostasis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an abnormal blood clot that breaks loose and lodges in a vessel?

Embolism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What determines an individual's ABO blood group?

The presence of antigens on erythrocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What system helps regulate the heart's pumping and blood flow?

The autonomic nervous system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of substrate-level phosphorylation?

To transfer a phosphate group directly from a substrate molecule to ADP (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

To filter blood and form urine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

To serve as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the podocytes in the filtration membrane?

To prevent the passage of large molecules such as proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain?

To drive the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase through chemiosmosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex?

To secrete renin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of absorption in the renal tubule?

To reabsorb valuable substances into the bloodstream (B) Signup and view all the answers

What information is provided in Table 24.4?

The substrates, products, and coenzymes involved in metabolic reactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the macula densa cells in the juxtaglomerular complex?

To monitor the concentration of sodium chloride in the filtrate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which ATP is generated using the energy released from electron transfer?

Oxidative phosphorylation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is regulating Na+ important in the nephron?

To maintain proper electrolyte balance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?

Nephron (D) Signup and view all the answers