Endocrine System Hormones
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Questions and Answers

What hormone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys?

  • Aldosterone (correct)
  • Glucagon
  • Insulin
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

    • What is the primary function of enterocytes in the small intestine?

  • Production of bile
  • Absorption of nutrients (correct)
  • Secretion of hormones
  • Digestion of carbohydrates

    • What is the primary function of erythropoietin?

  • Stimulation of erythropoiesis (correct)
  • Regulation of thrombopoiesis
  • Stimulation of leukopoiesis
  • Regulation of hematopoiesis

    • What type of signals promote the secretion and release of bile?

    <p>Hormonal and neural signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is involved in the regulation of blood sugar?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hydrolysis in digestion?

    <p>To break down large food molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of blood?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport mechanism is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Secondary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of anabolism in the context of metabolism?

    <p>Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of blood cell formation called?

    <p>Hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of insulin deficiency?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catabolism in the context of metabolism?

    <p>Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

    <p>To transport oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines blood viscosity?

    <p>The proportion of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the body prevents excessive bleeding?

    <p>Hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an abnormal blood clot that breaks loose and lodges in a vessel?

    <p>Embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines an individual's ABO blood group?

    <p>The presence of antigens on erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system helps regulate the heart's pumping and blood flow?

    <p>The autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of substrate-level phosphorylation?

    <p>To transfer a phosphate group directly from a substrate molecule to ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

    <p>To filter blood and form urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

    <p>To serve as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the podocytes in the filtration membrane?

    <p>To prevent the passage of large molecules such as proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain?

    <p>To drive the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase through chemiosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex?

    <p>To secrete renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of absorption in the renal tubule?

    <p>To reabsorb valuable substances into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is provided in Table 24.4?

    <p>The substrates, products, and coenzymes involved in metabolic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the macula densa cells in the juxtaglomerular complex?

    <p>To monitor the concentration of sodium chloride in the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which ATP is generated using the energy released from electron transfer?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is regulating Na+ important in the nephron?

    <p>To maintain proper electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?

    <p>Nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

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