Endocrine System Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?

  • Enhancing the secretion of adrenaline
  • Controlling the reabsorption of salt in the kidneys
  • Promoting the development of sexual characteristics
  • Regulating food metabolism and inflammatory responses (correct)

Which of the following is a function of mineralocorticoids?

  • Increasing the number of white blood cells
  • Enhancing muscle development
  • Controlling water balance and salt excretion (correct)
  • Inducing gastric secretion

What is the role of sex hormones secreted by the adrenal gland?

  • To regulate muscle and bone development, and sexual characteristics (correct)
  • To manage electrolyte balance
  • To control blood sugar levels
  • To increase heart rate during stress

How does adrenaline affect the body?

<p>Increases heart rate and induces a fight or flight response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adrenal virilism and what causes it?

<p>Excess dehydroepiandrosterone in women leading to facial hair growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla?

<p>Adrenaline and noradrenaline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the secretion of adrenaline?

<p>States of anger, fear, and mental stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of noradrenaline on the heart?

<p>Increases excitability and contractibility of heart muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Thyroxine in the body?

<p>Accelerates the speed of cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is caused by a deficiency of Thyroxine in children?

<p>Cretinism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thyroid gland in cases of Goitre?

<p>It increases in size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does parathyroid hormone affect calcium levels in the blood?

<p>It releases calcium from the bones into the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released when there is an excess of calcium in the blood?

<p>Calcitonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs due to the deficiency of Thyroxine after puberty?

<p>Myxedema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Calcitonin play in the body?

<p>Lowers blood calcium levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Exophthalmic goitre?

<p>Eyes swelling and protruding from the eye socket (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland?

<p>Controls body growth, especially bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from an excess of growth hormone in adulthood?

<p>Gigantism or acromegaly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thyrotropic hormone (TSH)?

<p>Stimulates functions of the thyroid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating spermatogenesis in males?

<p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key effect of vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

<p>Reabsorbs water in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of oxytocin in childbirth?

<p>Contractions of the uterus during labor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on females?

<p>Induces ovulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

<p>Diabetes insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Adrenal Gland Function

Reduces bone breakdown and increases calcium excretion in urine

Adrenal Gland Location

Located above each kidney

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones, regulating metabolism, salts, and sexual development

Glucocorticoids Function

Control metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats, water and electrolytes, and suppress inflammation

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Mineralocorticoids Function

Control salt and water balance by regulating reabsorption in kidneys

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Adrenal Medulla Hormones

Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response

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Adrenaline Function

Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and triggers 'fight or flight' response in stressful situations

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Noradrenaline Function

Increases heart excitability and contractibility

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Thyroid gland function

Produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine, essential for growth, metabolism, and water balance.

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Thyroxine function

Accelerates cellular respiration, crucial for bodily growth and endocrine function; regulates water balance.

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Cretinism

A disease caused by low thyroxine levels in childhood, leading to stunted growth and development.

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Hypothyroidism

A condition where the thyroid doesn't produce enough hormone, leading to various health problems.

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Goiter

A disease caused by iodine deficiency, resulting in an enlarged thyroid gland.

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Parathyroid hormone function

Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, stimulating bone breakdown to release calcium when needed.

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Calcitonin function

Reduces blood calcium levels when they are too high, acting in opposition to parathyroid hormone.

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Parathyroid gland location

Small glands located behind the thyroid gland, crucial for calcium and phosphorus regulation.

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Growth Hormone

Controls body growth, particularly bone development. Excess causes gigantism or acromegaly, while deficiency leads to dwarfism.

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Thyrotropic Hormone

Stimulates thyroid gland function and influences thyroxine hormone secretion.

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Influences the adrenal cortex and stimulates the release of hormones from it.

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Gonadotropic Hormones

Affect the functioning of the gonads (testes and ovaries).

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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Stimulates spermatogenesis in men and ovulation in women. Also helps follicles grow in the ovary.

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Luteinizing Hormone

Induces testosterone production in men and estrogen secretion in women.

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Lactogenic Hormone

Initiates milk production in the breasts and stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum.

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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Affects skin color in animals by spreading melanin pigments. In humans, it can cause skin rashes and moles.

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Study Notes

Biology Study Notes

  • Biology is the study of life and living organisms.
  • It encompasses a vast range of topics, including the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living things.
  • Key areas of study often include:
    • Cell biology: Focuses on the structure and function of cells, the basic units of life.
    • Genetics: Investigates heredity and the variation of traits.
    • Ecology: Studies the interactions between organisms and their environment.
    • Evolution: Explores the history of life and how organisms have changed over time.
  • Understanding biological processes, like photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the human digestive system, are important.
  • Diverse branches within biology include:
    • Botany (plant biology)
    • Zoology (animal biology)
    • Microbiology (study of microorganisms)
  • There is an interconnectedness of all living systems.

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Description

This quiz explores the various functions and roles of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, thyroid, and pituitary gland. Test your knowledge on glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and other key hormones, including their effects on the body and associated conditions. Perfect for students studying human biology or health sciences!

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