Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?
What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?
- Enhancing the secretion of adrenaline
- Controlling the reabsorption of salt in the kidneys
- Promoting the development of sexual characteristics
- Regulating food metabolism and inflammatory responses (correct)
Which of the following is a function of mineralocorticoids?
Which of the following is a function of mineralocorticoids?
- Increasing the number of white blood cells
- Enhancing muscle development
- Controlling water balance and salt excretion (correct)
- Inducing gastric secretion
What is the role of sex hormones secreted by the adrenal gland?
What is the role of sex hormones secreted by the adrenal gland?
- To regulate muscle and bone development, and sexual characteristics (correct)
- To manage electrolyte balance
- To control blood sugar levels
- To increase heart rate during stress
How does adrenaline affect the body?
How does adrenaline affect the body?
What is adrenal virilism and what causes it?
What is adrenal virilism and what causes it?
What are the two major hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla?
What are the two major hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla?
What triggers the secretion of adrenaline?
What triggers the secretion of adrenaline?
What is one effect of noradrenaline on the heart?
What is one effect of noradrenaline on the heart?
What is the primary function of Thyroxine in the body?
What is the primary function of Thyroxine in the body?
Which condition is caused by a deficiency of Thyroxine in children?
Which condition is caused by a deficiency of Thyroxine in children?
What happens to the thyroid gland in cases of Goitre?
What happens to the thyroid gland in cases of Goitre?
How does parathyroid hormone affect calcium levels in the blood?
How does parathyroid hormone affect calcium levels in the blood?
Which hormone is released when there is an excess of calcium in the blood?
Which hormone is released when there is an excess of calcium in the blood?
What condition occurs due to the deficiency of Thyroxine after puberty?
What condition occurs due to the deficiency of Thyroxine after puberty?
What role does Calcitonin play in the body?
What role does Calcitonin play in the body?
What is the main characteristic of Exophthalmic goitre?
What is the main characteristic of Exophthalmic goitre?
What is the primary function of the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland?
What is the primary function of the growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland?
What condition can result from an excess of growth hormone in adulthood?
What condition can result from an excess of growth hormone in adulthood?
What is the role of thyrotropic hormone (TSH)?
What is the role of thyrotropic hormone (TSH)?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating spermatogenesis in males?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating spermatogenesis in males?
What is a key effect of vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
What is a key effect of vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
What is the significance of oxytocin in childbirth?
What is the significance of oxytocin in childbirth?
What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on females?
What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on females?
What condition results from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
What condition results from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Flashcards
Adrenal Gland Function
Adrenal Gland Function
Reduces bone breakdown and increases calcium excretion in urine
Adrenal Gland Location
Adrenal Gland Location
Located above each kidney
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones, regulating metabolism, salts, and sexual development
Glucocorticoids Function
Glucocorticoids Function
Control metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats, water and electrolytes, and suppress inflammation
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Mineralocorticoids Function
Mineralocorticoids Function
Control salt and water balance by regulating reabsorption in kidneys
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Adrenal Medulla Hormones
Adrenal Medulla Hormones
Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response
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Adrenaline Function
Adrenaline Function
Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and triggers 'fight or flight' response in stressful situations
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Noradrenaline Function
Noradrenaline Function
Increases heart excitability and contractibility
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Thyroid gland function
Thyroid gland function
Produces thyroxine and triiodothyronine, essential for growth, metabolism, and water balance.
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Thyroxine function
Thyroxine function
Accelerates cellular respiration, crucial for bodily growth and endocrine function; regulates water balance.
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Cretinism
Cretinism
A disease caused by low thyroxine levels in childhood, leading to stunted growth and development.
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
A condition where the thyroid doesn't produce enough hormone, leading to various health problems.
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Goiter
Goiter
A disease caused by iodine deficiency, resulting in an enlarged thyroid gland.
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Parathyroid hormone function
Parathyroid hormone function
Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, stimulating bone breakdown to release calcium when needed.
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Calcitonin function
Calcitonin function
Reduces blood calcium levels when they are too high, acting in opposition to parathyroid hormone.
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Parathyroid gland location
Parathyroid gland location
Small glands located behind the thyroid gland, crucial for calcium and phosphorus regulation.
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Growth Hormone
Growth Hormone
Controls body growth, particularly bone development. Excess causes gigantism or acromegaly, while deficiency leads to dwarfism.
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Thyrotropic Hormone
Thyrotropic Hormone
Stimulates thyroid gland function and influences thyroxine hormone secretion.
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Influences the adrenal cortex and stimulates the release of hormones from it.
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Gonadotropic Hormones
Gonadotropic Hormones
Affect the functioning of the gonads (testes and ovaries).
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Stimulates spermatogenesis in men and ovulation in women. Also helps follicles grow in the ovary.
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Luteinizing Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Induces testosterone production in men and estrogen secretion in women.
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Lactogenic Hormone
Lactogenic Hormone
Initiates milk production in the breasts and stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum.
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Affects skin color in animals by spreading melanin pigments. In humans, it can cause skin rashes and moles.
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Biology Study Notes
- Biology is the study of life and living organisms.
- It encompasses a vast range of topics, including the structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living things.
- Key areas of study often include:
- Cell biology: Focuses on the structure and function of cells, the basic units of life.
- Genetics: Investigates heredity and the variation of traits.
- Ecology: Studies the interactions between organisms and their environment.
- Evolution: Explores the history of life and how organisms have changed over time.
- Understanding biological processes, like photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the human digestive system, are important.
- Diverse branches within biology include:
- Botany (plant biology)
- Zoology (animal biology)
- Microbiology (study of microorganisms)
- There is an interconnectedness of all living systems.
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