Endocrine System and Hormones Quiz

The endocrine system is comprised of glands that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream.

Hormones control several major processes like reproduction, growth and development, mobilization of body defenses, maintenance of homeostasis, and regulation of metabolism.

A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by glands or neurons that travel through the bloodstream to target cells.

<p>The three main types of hormones are protein (peptide), amide (amino acid derivative), and steroid hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane, triggering a series of reactions within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amide hormones also activate cell membrane receptors, leading to changes in cellular activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Steroid hormones can pass through the cell membrane and interact directly with the DNA in the nucleus, influencing gene expression and altering cell function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pituitary gland is referred to as the &quot;master endocrine gland&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, in an area called the sella turcica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main lobes of the pituitary gland are the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior pituitary gland is also called the adenohypophysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate a wide range of bodily activities, from growth to reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mnemonic device for remembering the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is FLATPG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FLATPG stands for FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, and GH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH stands for Follicle Stimulating Hormone. FSH stimulates sperm and egg cell production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACTH stands for Adrenocorticotropic Hormone. ACTH targets the adrenal glands and stimulates the production of cortisol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prolactin stands for Prolactin. Prolactin stimulates breast development and milk production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior pituitary gland is also called the neurohypophysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and mammary gland contractions to release milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADH helps regulate fluid balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADH secretion is increased by conditions such as hemorrhage, strenuous exercise, nicotine consumption, certain drugs, and barbiturates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of ADH secretion, for example by alcohol consumption, leads to increased urine production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thyroid gland is located in the neck, anterior to the trachea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main hormones produced by the thyroid gland are T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), and calcitonin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T3 and T4 are essential for metabolism and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcitonin decreases calcium levels in the blood while increasing calcium deposition in bone tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parathyroid glands are located posterior to the thyroid gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main hormone produced by the parathyroid glands is parathyroid hormone (PTH), also known as parathormone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adrenal glands regulate heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pineal gland is also called the pineal body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus is a major endocrine gland located in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus transmits impulses to the pituitary gland to release hormones, integrates link, secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands, and can change the function due to stressful events or emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus produces hormones that are sent to the pituitary gland for release and produces a releasing factor that triggers the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thymus is located behind the sternum, in the middle part of the chest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thymus is responsible for processing T cells, a type of white blood cell, and developing cellular immunity, particularly during adolescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy, providing oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and removing waste products from the baby's blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main types of cells found in the placenta are alpha cells, beta cells, and delta cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon increases blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin decreases blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatostatin balances blood sugar levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonads are the reproductive organs, including the ovaries and testes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonads produce hormones that regulate reproductive function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kidneys are the primary organs for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine is a neurotransmitter associated with reward and motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endorphin is a neurotransmitter with pain-relieving effects, acting as a natural pain killer.</p> Signup and view all the answers