5.5

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What is the primary function of the acini in the pancreas?

To secrete hormones into the blood

To produce somatostatin

To regulate blood glucose levels

To secrete digestive juices into the duodenum (correct)

Which hormone is secreted in response to glucagon and inhibits its secretion?

Glucagon

Somatostatin

Amylin (correct)

Insulin

What is the effect of somatostatin on insulin secretion?

It inhibits insulin secretion (correct)

It stimulates insulin secretion

It increases glucagon secretion

It has no effect on insulin secretion

What is the function of pancreatic polypeptide secreted by F cells/PP cells?

It inhibits gastrointestinal motility and pancreatic exocrine secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of blood flow through the islets of Langerhans?

From the center towards the periphery Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glucagon secretion?

It inhibits glucagon secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of blood glucose concentration in the early morning?

80-90 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in blood glucose regulation?

To act as a buffer system for excess glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of severe hypoglycemia on the hypothalamus?

It stimulates the sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hyperglycemia on the body?

It exerts a large amount of osmotic pressure in the ECF Signup and view all the answers

What is a long-term complication of hyperglycemia?

Increased risk of blood vessel damage and nerve damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the prayer sign in anesthetic concerns for patients with type 1 diabetes?

To evaluate the risk of difficult intubation Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients with type 1 diabetes be scheduled for surgery early in the day?

To minimize the risk of hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of hyperglycemia during surgery?

Neurologic deterioration Signup and view all the answers

What may mask the symptoms of intraoperative hypoglycemia and insulin shock?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern about using lactated Ringer's solution in patients with type 1 diabetes?

It may worsen hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells in the pancreas is paired with the incorrect hormone?

Pancreatic exocrine cells: gastrin Signup and view all the answers

What would be an unlikely effect of destroying all pancreatic B cells in a rat?

A fall in plasma glucose concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues does insulin not increase glucose entry into?

Most neurons in the cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

Why does a protein-rich meal without carbohydrates not cause hypoglycemia?

Glucagon secretion is also stimulated by the meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of insulin in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism?

To promote the storage of excess energy from carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of insulin deficiency on adipose tissue?

Increased lipolysis and release of free fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on the uptake of glucose by skeletal muscle?

Insulin increases glucose uptake by skeletal muscle by stimulating GLUT 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the insulin receptor in the action of insulin?

To activate tyrosine kinase and phosphorylate intracellular proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on the liver?

Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis and storage, and inhibits gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Anion gap metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment goal for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state?

To decrease glucose by 75-100 mg/dl/h Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary regulator of insulin secretion?

Blood glucose concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sulfonylureas on insulin secretion?

They stimulate insulin release Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of catecholamines on insulin secretion?

They inhibit insulin secretion via ⍺2-adrenergic receptors Signup and view all the answers