Endocrine & Lymphatic Systems Lab Exam

Parathyroid and Adrenal Glands

• Parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone in response to low calcium levels, targeting kidneys and intestine.
• Adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone and cortisol, stimulated by ACTH, affecting all tissues.

Pituitary Gland Functions

• Anterior pituitary releases GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, regulated by hypothalamus hormones.
• Posterior pituitary, also influenced by the hypothalamus, secretes Oxytocin and ADH, targeting kidneys and mammary glands.

Thyroid Gland Role

• Thyroid gland secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin, stimulated by the pituitary gland and targeting most tissues and bone.

Hormones from Hypothalamus

• Hypothalamic hormones include CRH, GnRH, PIH, TRH, GHRH, SS, PRF, regulating the anterior pituitary.

Adrenal Medulla Secretion

• Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and norepinephrine under ACTH stimulation, affecting all tissues.

Clinical Cases Insights

• Colonel Lemon's symptoms suggest insufficient thyroid hormone function; lab results indicate low T3 and T4 with elevated TSH, indicating lack of thyroid hormone production.
• Mrs. Blanc exhibits signs of cortisol overproduction due to fat deposits and swelling, exacerbated by long-term prednisone use, a glucocorticoid.

Professor Purple’s Diagnosis

• Professor Purple displays extreme thirst and fluid retention indicators, suggesting diabetes insipidus characterized by inadequate ADH, leading to chronic dehydration.

Endocrine System Characteristics

• Endocrine glands, or "ductless glands," release hormones directly into the bloodstream, showcasing the principle of structure following function.

Comparison of Endocrine and Nervous Systems

• Both systems maintain homeostasis; however, the endocrine system manages long-term metabolic processes, while the nervous system handles short-term responses.

Potential Effects of Parathyroid Tumors

• Hyperparathyroidism from parathyroid tumors causes increased PTH secretion, resulting in excessive calcium reabsorption from bone and decreased bone density, leading to fractures.

Calcitonin in Osteoporosis Treatment

• Calcitonin helps treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast activity and stimulating osteoblast activity, reducing bone loss.

Effects of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

• Blocking aldosterone leads to decreased sodium reabsorption, increased urine volume, lower blood pressure, and higher potassium levels in the blood.

Consequences of Spleen Removal

• Removing the spleen weakens the immune system and disrupts fluid balance in the body.

DiGeorge Syndrome Implications

• Absence or dysfunction of the thymus leads to no thymosin production, impairing T cell development, affecting children's growth and immunity.

Edema from Lymphatic Blockage

• Blockage or removal of lymphatic vessels prevents fluid drainage from tissues, causing fluid accumulation and subsequent swelling (edema).

Prepare for your lab exam on the endocrine and lymphatic systems with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key hormones, their stimuli, and target tissues. Perfect for reviewing concepts related to your biology studies.