Endocrine & Lymphatic Systems Lab Exam

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Questions and Answers

What does the parathyroid gland secrete when stimulated by low calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Adrenaline

Thyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone (correct)

What does the adrenal cortex secrete?

Aldosterone, Cortisol

What does the pituitary gland secrete?

GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, ADH, MSH, Oxytocin

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

T3, T4, calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

Oxytocin, ADH Signup and view all the answers

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Melatonin Signup and view all the answers

What are some hypothalamic hormones?

CRH, GnRH, PIH, TRH, GHRH, SS, PRF Signup and view all the answers

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Adrenaline and norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What hormone may explain Colonel Lemon's symptoms?

Thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

Why are T3 and T4 low and TSH elevated for Colonel Lemon?

Lack of thyroid hormone production Signup and view all the answers

What hormone could explain Mrs. Blanc's symptoms?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

Is the discovery of prednisone significant for Mrs. Blanc?

Yes, it results in overproduction of cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What hormone could explain Professor Purple's symptoms?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What do the urine and blood osmolality results indicate?

Low blood pressure and fluid retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the final diagnosis for Professor Purple based on the analysis?

Diabetes insipidus Signup and view all the answers

Why are endocrine glands called 'ductless glands'?

They secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

How are the endocrine and nervous systems similar?

Both control homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of tumors in the parathyroid gland?

Hyperparathyroidism and decreased bone density Signup and view all the answers

How does calcitonin help osteoporosis patients?

It inhibits osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity Signup and view all the answers

What effect do potassium-sparing diuretics have on urine?

Increase urine production Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of removing the spleen?

Weakened immune system and fluid imbalance Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of DiGeorge syndrome?

No production of thymosin and affected T cell development Signup and view all the answers

Why can blockage of lymphatic vessels lead to edema?

Fluid can't be drained from tissues, causing swelling Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Parathyroid and Adrenal Glands

Parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone in response to low calcium levels, targeting kidneys and intestine.
Adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone and cortisol, stimulated by ACTH, affecting all tissues.

Pituitary Gland Functions

Anterior pituitary releases GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, regulated by hypothalamus hormones.
Posterior pituitary, also influenced by the hypothalamus, secretes Oxytocin and ADH, targeting kidneys and mammary glands.

Thyroid Gland Role

Thyroid gland secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin, stimulated by the pituitary gland and targeting most tissues and bone.

Hormones from Hypothalamus

Hypothalamic hormones include CRH, GnRH, PIH, TRH, GHRH, SS, PRF, regulating the anterior pituitary.

Adrenal Medulla Secretion

Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and norepinephrine under ACTH stimulation, affecting all tissues.

Clinical Cases Insights

Colonel Lemon's symptoms suggest insufficient thyroid hormone function; lab results indicate low T3 and T4 with elevated TSH, indicating lack of thyroid hormone production.
Mrs. Blanc exhibits signs of cortisol overproduction due to fat deposits and swelling, exacerbated by long-term prednisone use, a glucocorticoid.

Professor Purple’s Diagnosis

Professor Purple displays extreme thirst and fluid retention indicators, suggesting diabetes insipidus characterized by inadequate ADH, leading to chronic dehydration.

Endocrine System Characteristics

Endocrine glands, or "ductless glands," release hormones directly into the bloodstream, showcasing the principle of structure following function.

Comparison of Endocrine and Nervous Systems

Both systems maintain homeostasis; however, the endocrine system manages long-term metabolic processes, while the nervous system handles short-term responses.

Potential Effects of Parathyroid Tumors

Hyperparathyroidism from parathyroid tumors causes increased PTH secretion, resulting in excessive calcium reabsorption from bone and decreased bone density, leading to fractures.

Calcitonin in Osteoporosis Treatment

Calcitonin helps treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast activity and stimulating osteoblast activity, reducing bone loss.

Effects of Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Blocking aldosterone leads to decreased sodium reabsorption, increased urine volume, lower blood pressure, and higher potassium levels in the blood.

Consequences of Spleen Removal

Removing the spleen weakens the immune system and disrupts fluid balance in the body.

DiGeorge Syndrome Implications

Absence or dysfunction of the thymus leads to no thymosin production, impairing T cell development, affecting children's growth and immunity.

Edema from Lymphatic Blockage

Blockage or removal of lymphatic vessels prevents fluid drainage from tissues, causing fluid accumulation and subsequent swelling (edema).

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Description

Prepare for your lab exam on the endocrine and lymphatic systems with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key hormones, their stimuli, and target tissues. Perfect for reviewing concepts related to your biology studies.