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Questions and Answers
Which gland is located behind the thyroid gland?
The adrenal glands are responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism and stress response.
True
What are the two primary male reproductive glands called?
Testes
The _____ gland is responsible for producing hormones essential for metabolism and calcium balance.
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Match the following endocrine glands with their location:
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What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
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Aldosterone is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.
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What is the shape of the thyroid gland?
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The pineal gland secretes ________, which helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.
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Match the following glands with their primary functions:
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What is one of the functions of the placenta?
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Leukocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood.
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Name one way the kidneys help maintain homeostasis.
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The _____ secrete hormones that can be used to detect pregnancy.
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Match the following blood functions with their descriptions:
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Which function is not associated with connective tissue?
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Cerebrospinal fluid helps nourish the brain.
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What is the primary role of adipocytes in connective tissue?
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The liver stores glucose in the form of ______.
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Match the following functions with the correct body components:
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What stimulates the release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?
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The feedback loop in thyroid hormone regulation inhibits TRH and TSH release when thyroid hormone levels are low.
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Name the three key glands involved in thyroid hormone regulation.
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The thyroid gland produces ___ and ___ as its active thyroid hormones.
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Match the following hormones with their functions:
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Which type of chromosome has the centromere located at the center?
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In acrocentric chromosomes, the centromere is located in the center.
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What type of chromosome has only one arm present due to the centromere being at the end?
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Submetacentric chromosomes have their centromere slightly away from the center, resulting in __________ arms.
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Match the following types of chromosomes with their characteristics:
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Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
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The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain.
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What structure regulates essential functions such as hunger and temperature?
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The area of the brain responsible for voluntary motor control is known as the __________ gyrus.
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Match the following brain structures with their primary functions:
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Study Notes
Endocrine Glands and Functions
- Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland, shaped like a butterfly and secretes Thyroaine.
- Iodine is essential for Thyroaine synthesis, which maintains water and electrolyte balance.
- Adrenal glands sit atop kidneys and consist of peripheral tissue and adrenal medulla, secreting steroid hormones known as corticoids.
- Aldosterone produced by adrenal glands regulates water and electrolyte balance.
- Pineal gland is found on the diencephalon's dorsal surface and secretes melatonin, crucial for regulating body rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
Positions of Endocrine Glands
- Pineal body, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands (located behind the thyroid), thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreatic islets (of Langerhans), ovaries (in females), and testes (in males).
Functions of the Kidney
- Filters waste products from blood, performs tubular reabsorption of useful substances, and secretes unwanted substances into the collecting duct.
- Maintains normal blood pressure by balancing electrolytes.
Functions of Blood
- Transports gases, nutrients, waste products, and hormones.
- Provides protection through leukocytes, antibodies, and platelet factors.
- Regulates pH and maintains water balance.
Functions of the Placenta
- Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the embryo while removing CO2 and excretory material.
- Secretes oestrogen to promote uterine growth and produces HCG, which is used to detect pregnancy.
Functions of Connective Tissue
- Acts as packing tissue and supports delicate organs throughout the body.
- Contains adipocytes specialized for storage and plays a role in tissue repair.
Functions of the Liver
- Secretes bile juice, produces heat, and generates antibodies for infection response.
- Stores the antianemic factor, vitamins, and glucose as glycogen, and bile juice in the gallbladder.
Functions of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Surrounds the brain and central spinal canal, controlling the chemical environment.
- Provides a medium for waste removal from cellular metabolism and protects CNS from trauma.
- Nourishes the brain and carries chemical signals.
Thyroid Hormone Regulation
- Hypothalamus releases Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) to stimulate the pituitary gland.
- Pituitary Gland produces Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid glands.
- Thyroid Gland produces active thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and Calcitonin for calcium regulation.
- Feedback loop mechanism inhibits TRH and TSH release when thyroid hormone levels rise, maintaining hormone balance.
Classification of Chromosomes
- Metacentric: Centromere centrally located; arms are equal in length.
- Submetacentric: Centromere slightly off-center; unequal arm lengths.
- Acrocentric: Centromere near one end; one arm long, one very short.
- Telocentric: Centromere at the end; only one arm present.
Parts of the Brain
- Includes structures such as the frontal lobe, corpus callosum, thalamus, hypothalamus, optic chiasm, and cerebellum.
- Other structures include the limbic lobe, medulla oblongata, and various sulci and gyri that play critical roles in brain function and processing.
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Description
Explore the major endocrine glands and their functions in the human body, including the thyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands. Learn about the crucial roles of these glands in hormone production and regulation of body functions. Delve into the functions of the kidneys and their role in filtering blood and maintaining homeostasis.
