Endocrine Glands and Hormones Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Synthesize proteins

Store steroid hormones

Convert cholesterol to pregnenolone

Generate ATP (correct)

How do steroid hormones leave the cell?

By diffusion through the plasma membrane (correct)

Through active transport

By releasing from granules

Through exocytosis

Which zone of the adrenal cortex synthesizes mineralocorticoids?

Zona Reticularis

Zona Glomerulosa (correct)

Zona Fasciculata

Medulla

What is the key histological characteristic of Zona Glomerulosa?

Cords of round or arched columnar cells with capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of aldosterone?

Stimulate Na+ reabsorption in distal convoluted tubules Signup and view all the answers

How do steroid hormones differ from proteins in terms of storage and release?

Steroid hormones are not stored in granules and do not undergo exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Where do endocrine glands secrete hormones?

Directly into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones must circulate on transport proteins due to their hydrophobic nature?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hormones in the body?

Only affect cells that have receptor sites for that hormone Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hypo' refer to in relation to the pituitary gland?

Undergrowth Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pituitary gland located in the human body?

Below the brain in the sella turcica Signup and view all the answers

How does the pituitary gland form during embryonic development?

From developing brain and oral cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

Stimulates the release of TSH Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits the release of both somatotropin (GH) and TSH?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cortisol in hormone secretion?

Stimulates synthesis of POMC Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting the release of prolactin (PRL)?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What effect does growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) have on the secretion of growth hormone (GH)?

Stimulates the release of GH Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of both FSH and LH?

TRH Signup and view all the answers

How can C cells be distinguished from thyrocytes?

By their smaller size and darker staining properties Signup and view all the answers

Where does the iodination of tyrosyl residues occur?

In the colloid Signup and view all the answers

What allows for a 30-fold concentration of dietary iodide in thyroid tissue relative to plasma?

Na+/I- symporters (NIS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thyroid peroxidase in thyroid hormone production?

Oxidation of iodide to iodine Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of T3 and T4 from iodinated tyrosines?

Thyroid peroxidase Signup and view all the answers

In which organelle does the synthesis of thyroglobulin occur?

Rough ER Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of each parathyroid gland?

0.4 g Signup and view all the answers

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Posterior of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryonic origin of the superior parathyroid gland?

4th pharyngeal pouch Signup and view all the answers

What happens to secretory cells in the parathyroid gland with increasing age?

They are replaced with adipocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism?

Intolerance of cold Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxyphil cells present in the parathyroid glands?

Accumulating with age Signup and view all the answers