30 Questions
What is the main function of mitochondria?
Generate ATP
How do steroid hormones leave the cell?
By diffusion through the plasma membrane
Which zone of the adrenal cortex synthesizes mineralocorticoids?
Zona Glomerulosa
What is the key histological characteristic of Zona Glomerulosa?
Cords of round or arched columnar cells with capillaries
What is the main function of aldosterone?
Stimulate Na+ reabsorption in distal convoluted tubules
How do steroid hormones differ from proteins in terms of storage and release?
Steroid hormones are not stored in granules and do not undergo exocytosis
Where do endocrine glands secrete hormones?
Directly into the bloodstream
Which type of hormones must circulate on transport proteins due to their hydrophobic nature?
Steroid hormones
What is the function of hormones in the body?
Only affect cells that have receptor sites for that hormone
What does the term 'hypo' refer to in relation to the pituitary gland?
Undergrowth
Where is the pituitary gland located in the human body?
Below the brain in the sella turcica
How does the pituitary gland form during embryonic development?
From developing brain and oral cavity
What is the function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
Stimulates the release of TSH
Which hormone inhibits the release of both somatotropin (GH) and TSH?
Somatostatin
What is the function of cortisol in hormone secretion?
Stimulates synthesis of POMC
Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting the release of prolactin (PRL)?
Dopamine
What effect does growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) have on the secretion of growth hormone (GH)?
Stimulates the release of GH
Which hormone stimulates the release of both FSH and LH?
TRH
How can C cells be distinguished from thyrocytes?
By their smaller size and darker staining properties
Where does the iodination of tyrosyl residues occur?
In the colloid
What allows for a 30-fold concentration of dietary iodide in thyroid tissue relative to plasma?
Na+/I- symporters (NIS)
What is the role of thyroid peroxidase in thyroid hormone production?
Oxidation of iodide to iodine
Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of T3 and T4 from iodinated tyrosines?
Thyroid peroxidase
In which organelle does the synthesis of thyroglobulin occur?
Rough ER
What is the weight of each parathyroid gland?
0.4 g
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Posterior of the thyroid gland
What is the embryonic origin of the superior parathyroid gland?
4th pharyngeal pouch
What happens to secretory cells in the parathyroid gland with increasing age?
They are replaced with adipocytes
What is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism?
Intolerance of cold
What is the function of oxyphil cells present in the parathyroid glands?
Accumulating with age
Test your knowledge on endocrine glands and hormones, including how they secrete hormones into the blood, the types of hormones, and their effects on target cells. Learn about the pituitary gland and its role as a master gland in the endocrine system.
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