Endocrine Glands and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of mitochondria?

  • Synthesize proteins
  • Store steroid hormones
  • Convert cholesterol to pregnenolone
  • Generate ATP (correct)

    • How do steroid hormones leave the cell?

  • By diffusion through the plasma membrane (correct)
  • Through active transport
  • By releasing from granules
  • Through exocytosis

    • Which zone of the adrenal cortex synthesizes mineralocorticoids?

  • Zona Reticularis
  • Zona Glomerulosa (correct)
  • Zona Fasciculata
  • Medulla

    • What is the key histological characteristic of Zona Glomerulosa?

    <p>Cords of round or arched columnar cells with capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of aldosterone?

    <p>Stimulate Na+ reabsorption in distal convoluted tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do steroid hormones differ from proteins in terms of storage and release?

    <p>Steroid hormones are not stored in granules and do not undergo exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do endocrine glands secrete hormones?

    <p>Directly into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormones must circulate on transport proteins due to their hydrophobic nature?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hormones in the body?

    <p>Only affect cells that have receptor sites for that hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hypo' refer to in relation to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Undergrowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the pituitary gland located in the human body?

    <p>Below the brain in the sella turcica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pituitary gland form during embryonic development?

    <p>From developing brain and oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

    <p>Stimulates the release of TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits the release of both somatotropin (GH) and TSH?

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cortisol in hormone secretion?

    <p>Stimulates synthesis of POMC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for inhibiting the release of prolactin (PRL)?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) have on the secretion of growth hormone (GH)?

    <p>Stimulates the release of GH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates the release of both FSH and LH?

    <p>TRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can C cells be distinguished from thyrocytes?

    <p>By their smaller size and darker staining properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the iodination of tyrosyl residues occur?

    <p>In the colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for a 30-fold concentration of dietary iodide in thyroid tissue relative to plasma?

    <p>Na+/I- symporters (NIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thyroid peroxidase in thyroid hormone production?

    <p>Oxidation of iodide to iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of T3 and T4 from iodinated tyrosines?

    <p>Thyroid peroxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organelle does the synthesis of thyroglobulin occur?

    <p>Rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of each parathyroid gland?

    <p>0.4 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the parathyroid glands located?

    <p>Posterior of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the embryonic origin of the superior parathyroid gland?

    <p>4th pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to secretory cells in the parathyroid gland with increasing age?

    <p>They are replaced with adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Intolerance of cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxyphil cells present in the parathyroid glands?

    <p>Accumulating with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

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