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Questions and Answers
A client is diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). Which laboratory finding would the nurse expect to see?
A client is diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). Which laboratory finding would the nurse expect to see?
- Increased serum sodium
- Increased urine output
- Decreased serum sodium (correct)
- Decreased urine specific gravity
A patient with Diabetes Insipidus is prescribed Desmopressin. What therapeutic effect should the nurse monitor for?
A patient with Diabetes Insipidus is prescribed Desmopressin. What therapeutic effect should the nurse monitor for?
- Weight loss
- Decreased thirst
- Increased urine output
- Increased urine specific gravity (correct)
Which assessment finding is most indicative of acromegaly?
Which assessment finding is most indicative of acromegaly?
- Height exceeding 7 feet
- Thin lips and tongue
- Enlarged hands and feet (correct)
- Decreased joint pain
What is the primary intervention for a patient experiencing myxedema coma?
What is the primary intervention for a patient experiencing myxedema coma?
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to occur in a client with SIADH?
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to occur in a client with SIADH?
A patient post-thyroidectomy is displaying signs of muscle twitching and numbness around the mouth. Which complication should the nurse suspect?
A patient post-thyroidectomy is displaying signs of muscle twitching and numbness around the mouth. Which complication should the nurse suspect?
A patient is started on levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What instruction should the nurse emphasize regarding medication administration?
A patient is started on levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What instruction should the nurse emphasize regarding medication administration?
What dietary recommendation is most appropriate for a patient with hyperthyroidism?
What dietary recommendation is most appropriate for a patient with hyperthyroidism?
A patient with Cushing's syndrome is likely to exhibit:
A patient with Cushing's syndrome is likely to exhibit:
A client is prescribed Furosemide for SIADH. What should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the medication?
A client is prescribed Furosemide for SIADH. What should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the medication?
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperthyroidism who is scheduled to receive radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy. What is the primary goal of this treatment?
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperthyroidism who is scheduled to receive radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy. What is the primary goal of this treatment?
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings would support this diagnosis?
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected hypothyroidism. Which of the following findings would support this diagnosis?
The nurse is providing education to a client with Addison's disease about managing their condition. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to include?
The nurse is providing education to a client with Addison's disease about managing their condition. Which of the following instructions is most important for the nurse to include?
Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement when caring for a client experiencing thyroid storm?
Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement when caring for a client experiencing thyroid storm?
A nurse is assessing a client with acromegaly. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?
A nurse is assessing a client with acromegaly. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?
A client is scheduled for a thyroidectomy. Which intervention is MOST important to implement prior to the surgery to minimize complications?
A client is scheduled for a thyroidectomy. Which intervention is MOST important to implement prior to the surgery to minimize complications?
Following a thyroidectomy, a client reports tingling around the mouth and fingertips. Which laboratory finding would BEST correlate with this assessment?
Following a thyroidectomy, a client reports tingling around the mouth and fingertips. Which laboratory finding would BEST correlate with this assessment?
A client who has undergone a parathyroidectomy is being discharged. What dietary instruction is MOST appropriate to prevent recurrence of hypercalcemia?
A client who has undergone a parathyroidectomy is being discharged. What dietary instruction is MOST appropriate to prevent recurrence of hypercalcemia?
A client with hypoparathyroidism is experiencing muscle tetany. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer FIRST?
A client with hypoparathyroidism is experiencing muscle tetany. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer FIRST?
In a patient with pheochromocytoma, what physiological effect is directly caused by the excessive release of catecholamines?
In a patient with pheochromocytoma, what physiological effect is directly caused by the excessive release of catecholamines?
A patient post-adrenalectomy is at risk for both hypotension and hypoglycemia. What is the underlying cause for these potential complications?
A patient post-adrenalectomy is at risk for both hypotension and hypoglycemia. What is the underlying cause for these potential complications?
Which assessment finding is MOST critical to report immediately in a client following an adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma?
Which assessment finding is MOST critical to report immediately in a client following an adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma?
A client with Cushing’s syndrome is at increased risk for infection. What is the primary reason for this increased susceptibility?
A client with Cushing’s syndrome is at increased risk for infection. What is the primary reason for this increased susceptibility?
A client with Addison's disease is admitted to the emergency department with suspected adrenal crisis. Which set of electrolyte imbalances would the nurse anticipate?
A client with Addison's disease is admitted to the emergency department with suspected adrenal crisis. Which set of electrolyte imbalances would the nurse anticipate?
A nurse is teaching a client with Addison's disease about managing their condition. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A nurse is teaching a client with Addison's disease about managing their condition. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents with a blood glucose of 500 mg/dL, fruity breath, and Kussmaul respirations. Which condition is the MOST likely cause?
A client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus presents with a blood glucose of 500 mg/dL, fruity breath, and Kussmaul respirations. Which condition is the MOST likely cause?
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus about preventing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS). Which instruction is MOST important?
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus about preventing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS). Which instruction is MOST important?
A client with diabetes is found unresponsive. The blood glucose is 40 mg/dL. After administering glucagon, what is the MOST important nursing intervention?
A client with diabetes is found unresponsive. The blood glucose is 40 mg/dL. After administering glucagon, what is the MOST important nursing intervention?
Which statement BEST differentiates between Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)?
Which statement BEST differentiates between Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)?
A client with diabetes is prescribed a new medication that can cause hypoglycemia. What education point is
MOST important for the nurse to emphasize?
A client with diabetes is prescribed a new medication that can cause hypoglycemia. What education point is MOST important for the nurse to emphasize?
Flashcards
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Stored in the posterior pituitary, regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Oxytocin
Oxytocin
Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Stimulates growth and development of bones and tissues.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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Thyroid Hormones (T3 & T4)
Thyroid Hormones (T3 & T4)
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Calcitonin
Calcitonin
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Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
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Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
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Insulin
Insulin
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Acromegaly
Acromegaly
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Gigantism
Gigantism
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SIADH
SIADH
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Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetes Insipidus
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Thyroid Storm
Thyroid Storm
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Lugol's Solution/SSKI
Lugol's Solution/SSKI
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Thyroidectomy
Thyroidectomy
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Thyroidectomy Complications
Thyroidectomy Complications
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Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
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Hypocalcemic Crisis Signs
Hypocalcemic Crisis Signs
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Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
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Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma
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Pheochromocytoma Symptoms
Pheochromocytoma Symptoms
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Cushing's Syndrome
Cushing's Syndrome
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Cushing's Manifestations
Cushing's Manifestations
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Addison's Disease
Addison's Disease
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Addison's Manifestations
Addison's Manifestations
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Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
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Diabetes 3 P's
Diabetes 3 P's
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Study Notes
- Glands secrete hormones that regulate various bodily functions
Pituitary Gland
- It has a posterior lobe storing hormones, and an anterior lobe that produces hormones
- Posterior Pituitary Gland: stores Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin
- Anterior Pituitary Gland: produces Somatotropin/Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- ADH's function regulates fluid balance
- Oxytocin's function stimulates uterine contractions and milk ejection in females
- GH stimulates growth and cell reproduction
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone stimulates the thyroid gland
- FSH in females stimulates the development of the ovum, and in males helps with sperm production
- LH in females stimulates ovulation and in males helps with testosterone production
Pineal Gland
- Regulates sleep patterns via melatonin secretion
Thyroid Gland
- Secretes Tetraiodothyronine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolic rate
- Calcitonin decreases calcium levels in the blood
Parathyroid Glands
- They decrease calcium in the blood
Adrenal Glands
- Has a cortex and medulla
- Cortex secretes Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, and Androgens
- Glucocorticoids (cortisol) increases blood glucose, maintains blood pressure, and helps fight stress and inflammation
- Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) regulate sodium, water, and potassium excretion
- Androgens develop secondary sex characteristics
- Medulla secretes Catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)
Pancreas
- Alpha cells secrete glucagon, and beta cells secrete insulin, and Delta cells secrete somatostatin
- Glucagon increases blood glucose
- Insulin decreases blood glucose
- Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of glucagon and insulin
Ovaries & Testes
- Ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone
- Testes secrete androgens (testosterone)
- Estrogen and progesterone regulate female reproductive functions
- Androgens (testosterone) regulates male functions
Anterior Pituitary Disorders
Acromegaly
- Increased GH production in adults
- Can be caused from Pituitary adenomas, or Damage or trauma
Giganitism
- Increased GH production in children.
- Can be caused from Pituitary adenomas, or Damage or trauma
- Assessment findings include very tall stature (over 7 feet), large proportions, and weakness
Posterior Pituitary Gland
- Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH): Increased ADH causing water retention and oliguria
- Diabetes Insipidus. Decreased ADH, leading to polyuria and dehydration
Etiology/Causes of SIADH
- Head injury, brain surgery, tumor infection, stroke, or Vasopressin drug overdose
Etiology/Causes of Diabetes Insipidus
- It may be nephrogenic (kidneys don't respond to ADH) or neurogenic (related to brain issues)
Thyroid Gland Disorders
Hypothyroidism
- Decreased T3 and T4 leads to decreased metabolic rate
- Etiologies include thyroid or pituitary tumor, autoimmune thyroiditis, or iodine deficiency
- TSH levels are are decreased
Hyperthyroidism
- Increased T3 and T4 leads to increased metabolic rate
- Etiologies include thyroid or pituitary tumor, or Grave's disease
- TSH levels are increased
Thyroid Storm/ Thyrotoxic Crisis
- Sudden, excessive release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
- This causes increased metabolism
- Stress or infection are causes
Parathyroid Disorders
- Overproduction of parathyroid hormone
- Inadequate parathyroid hormone secretion
Clinical Manifestations of Hyperparathyroidism
- Bone decalcification, renal calculi containing calcium, and hypercalcemia
Clinical Manifestations of Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypocalcemia, muscle tetany, and positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
Adrenal Glands
- Pheochromocytoma: Tumor of adrenal medulla causing increased catecholamine secretion
Cushing's Syndrome
- Excessive glucocorticoids and androgens
- Etiologies include overuse of corticosteroids or tumors
Addison's Disease
- Adrenocortical insufficiency
- Etiologies include autoimmune atrophy or surgical removal of adrenal glands
Diabetes Mellitus
- Group of metabolic diseases with increased blood glucose levels because of defects in insulin action, or secretion
Type 1 DM
- Insulin dependent
- Absence of insulin production
Type 2 DM
- Non-insulin dependent
- Lack of insulin or insulin resistance
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
- Glucose intolerance during pregnancy
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Hyperglycemia with metabolic acidosis and ketosis
Hyperosmolar
- Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNK): Hyperglycemia without ketosis
Hypoglycemia
- Results from overdose of insulin
- Includes the use of oral hypoglycemic agents, alcohol intake, alcohol intake, and exercise
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