16 Questions
What is the primary role of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secreted by PP cells?
Stimulation of secretion of gastric and intestinal enzymes
What is the function of glucagon secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?
Raises glucose levels through glycogenolysis in the liver
Which pancreatic cell type secretes a hormone that suppresses both insulin and glucagon release?
Delta cell
What does the term 'mellitus' in diabetes mellitus refer to?
High blood sugar levels
What fasting plasma glucose level is indicative of diabetes mellitus?
$>200 mg/dL$
During which condition associated with stress can transient hyperglycemia occur?
Severe infections
What is the principal function of insulin?
To increase the rate of glucose transport into certain cells
Which of the following is an insulin-independent process?
Glucose uptake in the brain
What is the most important stimulus that triggers insulin release from pancreatic beta cells?
Glucose
What is the primary cause of type I DM?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
During fasting states, what hormonal levels facilitate hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis?
Low insulin and high glucagon levels
What effect does insulin have on production of glucose from the liver?
Reduces the production of glucose from the liver
Which tissue metabolizes glucose to lipids and stores it as fat?
Adipose tissue
What may contribute to neurodegenerative disorders according to the text?
Defects in insulin signaling in the brain
What does insulin do in muscle cells?
Stores glucose as glycogen or oxidizes it for ATP production
What is the pathogenesis of type I DM?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and absolute deficiency of insulin
Test your knowledge on endocrine diseases related to the pancreas, adrenal, and thyroid. Learn about the roles of beta cells, alpha cells, delta cells, and PP cells in pancreatic function, as well as the functions of the adrenal and thyroid glands.
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